þér

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See also: yer, ther, YER, -yer, and þer

Icelandic

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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From Old Norse þér.

Pronoun

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þér

  1. (personal) dative singular of þú
    Hún tók þetta epli frá þér.
    She took this apple from you.

Etymology 2

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From Old Norse ér; the initial þ comes from a rebracketing of ð in the second person plural verb ending (e.g. hafið ér → reinterpreted as hafið þér). The Old Norse derives from a variant of Proto-Germanic *jūz, from Proto-Indo-European *yū́.

Pronoun

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þér

  1. (archaic, formal) plural of þú
  2. (dated, formal) you (the V-form in terms of T-V distinction)
    • Colossians 3:9
      Ljúgið ekki hver að öðrum, því þér hafið afklæðst hinum gamla manni með gjörðum hans.
      Do not lie to each other, since you have taken off your old self with its practices.
    Hvað hugsið þér?
    What do you think?
    Verið þér sælar, frú mín góð.
    Good day to you, milady.
Usage notes
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As a formal V-form pronoun, þér can have a singular or plural referent, but is always grammatically plural, similar to Danish De, German Sie, French vous, etc. This pronoun has fallen out of everyday use, but lingers in the raw plural sense in biblical language, and finds occasional use as a V-form.

Declension
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Icelandic honorific pronouns
plural first person second person
nominative vér þér
accusative oss yður
dative oss yður
genitive vor yðar

Old Norse

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Etymology 1

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From Proto-Norse *ᚦᛖᛉ (*þeʀ), Proto-Germanic *þiz, dative of *þū.

Pronunciation

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  • (12th century Icelandic) IPA(key): /ˈθeːr/

Pronoun

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þér

  1. dative of þú
Descendants
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  • Icelandic: þér
  • Faroese: tær
  • Old Swedish: þær, þæ

Etymology 2

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From earlier ér, from Proto-Germanic *jīz, Northwest Germanic form of *jūz, from Proto-Indo-European *yū́. The initial þ comes from a pervasive sandhi effect, triggered by word-final ð in the second person plural verb endings (e.g. hafið ér → reinterpreted as hafið þér).

Alternative forms

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Pronunciation

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  • (12th century Icelandic) IPA(key): /ˈθeːr/

Pronoun

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þér (Old West Norse)

  1. you (plural); ye
Declension
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Descendants
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References

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  • Byock, Jesse L. (2013) Viking Language 1: Learn Old Norse, Runes, and Icelandic Sagas, →ISBN, page 373