στυφελός

Ancient Greek

Etymology

From στυφελίζω (stuphelízō, “to strike hard, beat”).

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /sty.pʰe.lós/ → /sty.ɸeˈlos/ → /sti.feˈlos/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /sty.pʰe.lós/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /sty.pʰeˈlos/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /sty.ɸeˈlos/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /sty.feˈlos/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /sti.feˈlos/

Adjective

στῠφελός • (stuphelós) m (feminine στῠφελή, neuter στῠφελόν); first/second declension

1. hard, rough
2. astringent, sour, acid

   Synonym: στρυφνός (struphnós)

3. harsh, severe, cruel

   Synonyms: αὐστηρός (austērós), σκληρός (sklērós), τραχύς (trakhús)

Inflection

First and second declension of στῠφελός; στῠφελή; στῠφελόν (Attic)

Number		Singular				Dual				Plural
Case/Gender		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative		στῠφελός stuphelós	στῠφελή stuphelḗ	στῠφελόν stuphelón		στῠφελώ stuphelṓ	στῠφελᾱ́ stuphelā́	στῠφελώ stuphelṓ		στῠφελοί stupheloí	στῠφελαί stuphelaí	στῠφελᾰ́ stuphelá
Genitive		στῠφελοῦ stupheloû	στῠφελῆς stuphelês	στῠφελοῦ stupheloû		στῠφελοῖν stupheloîn	στῠφελαῖν stuphelaîn	στῠφελοῖν stupheloîn		στῠφελῶν stuphelôn	στῠφελῶν stuphelôn	στῠφελῶν stuphelôn
Dative		στῠφελῷ stuphelôi	στῠφελῇ stuphelêi	στῠφελῷ stuphelôi		στῠφελοῖν stupheloîn	στῠφελαῖν stuphelaîn	στῠφελοῖν stupheloîn		στῠφελοῖς stupheloîs	στῠφελαῖς stuphelaîs	στῠφελοῖς stupheloîs
Accusative		στῠφελόν stuphelón	στῠφελήν stuphelḗn	στῠφελόν stuphelón		στῠφελώ stuphelṓ	στῠφελᾱ́ stuphelā́	στῠφελώ stuphelṓ		στῠφελούς stupheloús	στῠφελᾱ́ς stuphelā́s	στῠφελᾰ́ stuphelá
Vocative		στῠφελέ stuphelé	στῠφελή stuphelḗ	στῠφελόν stuphelón		στῠφελώ stuphelṓ	στῠφελᾱ́ stuphelā́	στῠφελώ stuphelṓ		στῠφελοί stupheloí	στῠφελαί stuphelaí	στῠφελᾰ́ stuphelá
Derived forms		Adverb				Comparative				Superlative
		στῠφελῶς stuphelôs				στῠφελώτερος stuphelṓteros				στῠφελώτᾰτος stuphelṓtatos
Notes:		This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Derived terms

• ἀστυφελός (astuphelós)
• καταστυφελός (katastuphelós)
• στυφελώδης (stuphelṓdēs)

 

References

• “στυφελός”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “στυφελός”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• στυφελός in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN