اکنا
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Punjabi
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Prakrit *𑀅𑀓𑁆𑀓 (*akka).
Pronunciation
[edit]- (Standard Punjabi) IPA(key): /ək.kᵊɳɑː/, [ɐk.kᵊɳäː]
Verb
[edit]اَکّݨا • (akkṇā) (intransitive, Gurmukhi spelling ਅੱਕਣਾ)
- (intransitive) to be vexed
- (transitive) to become fed up; sick of
- (transitive) to become extremely annoyed; irritated of
Conjugation
[edit]Impersonal forms of اکنا
Undeclined | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Stem | اَکّ (akk) | ||||
Infinitive | اَکّݨا (akkṇā) | ||||
Oblique Infinitive | اَکَّݨ (akkaṇ) | ||||
Conjunctive | اَکّ کے (akk ke) | ||||
Progressive | اَکّدے اَکّدے (akkde akkde) | ||||
Participles | |||||
dir m s | m p obl m s | f s | f p | ||
Habitual | اَکّدا (akkdā) | اَکّدے (akkde) | اَکّدی (akkdī) | اَکّدِیاں (akkdīyāṉ) | |
Perfective | اَکّیْا (akkiyā) | اَکّے (akke) | اَکّی (akkī) | اَکّیْا (akkiyā) | |
Prospective Agentive | اَکَّݨ آلا (akkaṇ ālā) | اَکَّݨ آلے (akkaṇ āle) | اَکَّݨ آلی (akkaṇ ālī) | اَکَّݨ آلیْاں (akkaṇ āliyāṉ) | |
Adjectival | Perfective | اَکّیْا ہویْا (akkiyā hoyā) | اَکّے ہوئے (akke ho'e) | اَکّی ہوئی (akkī ho'ī) | اَکّدِیاں ہوئِیاں |
Habitual | اَکّدا ہویْا (akkdā hoyā) | اَکّدے ہوئے (akkde ho'e) | اَکّدی ہوئی (akkdī ho'ī) | اَکّدِیاں ہوئِیاں |
Non-Aspectual forms of اکنا
Non-Aspectual | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | Singular / Formal | Plural / Formal | ||||||
1st
میں |
2nd
تُوں |
3rd
ایہہ / اوہ |
2nd
تُسیں |
1st
اسیں |
2ndF / 3rd
ایہہ / اوہ | |||
Indicative | Perfective | Masculine | اَکّیْا (akkiyā) | اَکّے (akke) | ||||
Feminine | اَکّی (akkī) | اَکِّیاں (akkiyāṉ) | ||||||
Future | Masculine | اَکّاں گا (akkāṉ gā) | اَکّیْں گا (akkeṉ gā) | اَکّے گا (akke gā) | اَکّو گے (akko ge) | اَکّاں گے (akkāṉ ge) | اَکَّݨ گے (akkaṇ ge) | |
Feminine | اَکّاں گی (akkāṉ gī) | اَکّیْں گی (akkeṉ gī) | اَکّے گی (akke gī) | اَکّاں گِیاں (akkāṉ gīyāṉ) | اَکَّݨ گِیاں (akkaṇ gīyāṉ) | |||
Subjunctive | Future | اَکّاں (akkāṉ) | اَکّیْں (akkeṉ) | اَکّے (akke) | اَکّو (akko) | اَکّئِیے (akk'iye) | اَکَّݨ (akkaṇ) | |
Imperative | Regular | اَکّ (akk) | اَکّو (akko) | اَکّو (akko) | ||||
Polite | اَکِّیْں (akkiīṉ) | اَکِّیو (akkiyo) | اَکِّیو (akkiyo) | |||||
Contrafactual | Present | Masculine | اَکّْدا (akkdā) / اَکَّنْدا (akkandā) | اَکّْدے (akkde) / اَکَّنْدے (akkande) | ||||
Feminine | اَکّدی (akkdī) / اَکَّنْدی (akkandī) | اَکّْدِیاں (akkdīyāṉ) / اَکَّنْدِیاں (akkandīyāṉ) |
Further reading
[edit]- Iqbal, Salah ud-Din (2002) “اکّن”, in vaḍḍī panjābī lughat (in Punjabi), Lahore: ʻAzīz Pablisharz
- “ਅੱਕਣਾ”, in Punjabi-English Dictionary, Patiala: Punjabi University, 2024
- Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “*akka”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press