잘하다
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Korean
[edit]Etymology
[edit]First attested in the Seokbo sangjeol (釋譜詳節 / 석보상절), 1447, as Middle Korean 잘ᄒᆞ다 (Yale: cal-hota). Univerbation of 잘 (jal, “well”) + 하다 (hada, “to do”).
Pronunciation
[edit]- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [t͡ɕa̠ɾɦa̠da̠]
- Phonetic hangul: [잘하다]
| Romanizations | |
|---|---|
| Revised Romanization? | jalhada |
| Revised Romanization (translit.)? | jalhada |
| McCune–Reischauer? | charhada |
| Yale Romanization? | cal.hata |
Verb
[edit]잘하다 • (jalhada) (infinitive 잘해 or 잘하여, sequential 잘하니)
- (transitive) to do something well, to be good at
- Antonym: 못하다 (mothada)
- (intransitive) to be kind, to treat well
Usage notes
[edit]Conjugation
[edit]| Sentence-final forms | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Formal non-polite (해라체) |
Informal non-polite (해체) |
Informal polite (해요체) |
Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 잘한다 jalhanda |
잘해 jalhae |
잘해요 jalhaeyo |
잘합니다 jalhamnida |
| Past | 잘했다 jalhaetda |
잘했어 jalhaesseo |
잘했어요 jalhaesseoyo |
잘했습니다 jalhaetseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 잘하느냐 jalhaneunya |
잘해 jalhae |
잘해요 jalhaeyo |
잘합니까 jalhamnikka |
| Past | 잘했느냐 jalhaenneunya |
잘했어 jalhaesseo |
잘했어요 jalhaesseoyo |
잘했습니까 jalhaetseumnikka | |
| Hortative | 잘하자 jalhaja |
잘해 jalhae |
잘해요 jalhaeyo |
잘하십시다 jalhasipsida | |
| Imperative | 잘해라, 잘하여라 jalhaera, jalhayeora |
잘해 jalhae |
잘해요 jalhaeyo |
잘합시오 jalhapsio | |
| Assertive | 잘하겠다 jalhagetda |
잘하겠어 jalhagesseo |
잘하겠어요 jalhagesseoyo |
잘하겠습니다 jalhagetseumnida | |
| Connective forms | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 잘해 jalhae |
잘해서, 잘하여서 jalhaeseo, jalhayeoseo |
잘하니 jalhani |
잘하니까 jalhanikka | |
| Contrast | 잘하지만 jalhajiman |
잘하는데 jalhaneunde |
잘하더니 jalhadeoni |
||
| Conjunction | 잘하고 jalhago |
||||
| Condition | 잘하면 jalhamyeon |
잘해야, 잘하여야 jalhaeya, jalhayeoya |
|||
| Motive | 잘하려고 jalharyeogo |
||||
| Noun and determiner forms | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 잘함 jalham |
잘하기 jalhagi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 잘했음, 잘하였음 jalhaesseum, jalhayeosseum |
잘했기, 잘하였기 jalhaetgi, jalhayeotgi | |||
| Determiners | Past | 잘한 jalhan | |||
| Present | 잘하는 jalhaneun | ||||
| Future | 잘할 jalhal | ||||
| Sentence-final forms with honorific | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Formal non-polite (해라체) |
Informal non-polite (해체) |
Informal polite (해요체) |
Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 잘하신다 jalhasinda |
잘하셔 jalhasyeo |
잘하세요, 잘하셔요 jalhaseyo, jalhasyeoyo |
잘하십니다 jalhasimnida |
| Past | 잘하셨다 jalhasyeotda |
잘하셨어 jalhasyeosseo |
잘하셨어요 jalhasyeosseoyo |
잘하셨습니다 jalhasyeotseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 잘하시느냐 jalhasineunya |
잘하셔 jalhasyeo |
잘하세요, 잘하셔요 jalhaseyo, jalhasyeoyo |
잘하십니까 jalhasimnikka |
| Past | 잘하셨느냐 jalhasyeonneunya |
잘하셨어 jalhasyeosseo |
잘하셨어요 jalhasyeosseoyo |
잘하셨습니까 jalhasyeotseumnikka | |
| Imperative | 잘하시라 jalhasira |
잘하셔 jalhasyeo |
잘하세요 jalhaseyo |
잘하십시오 jalhasipsio | |
| Assertive | 잘하시겠다 jalhasigetda |
잘하시겠어 jalhasigesseo |
잘하시겠어요 jalhasigesseoyo |
잘하시겠습니다 jalhasigetseumnida | |
| Connective forms with honorific | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 잘하셔 jalhasyeo |
잘하셔서 jalhasyeoseo |
잘하시니 jalhasini |
잘하시니까 jalhasinikka | |
| Contrast | 잘하시지만 jalhasijiman |
잘하시는데 jalhasineunde |
잘하시더니 jalhasideoni |
||
| Conjunction | 잘하시고 jalhasigo |
||||
| Condition | 잘하시면 jalhasimyeon |
잘하셔야 jalhasyeoya |
|||
| Motive | 잘하시려고 jalhasiryeogo |
||||
| Noun and determiner forms with honorific | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 잘하심 jalhasim |
잘하시기 jalhasigi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 잘하셨음 jalhasyeosseum |
잘하셨기 jalhasyeotgi | |||
| Determiners | Past | 잘하신 jalhasin | |||
| Present | 잘하시는 jalhasineun | ||||
| Future | 잘하실 jalhasil | ||||