-ák

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Czech

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Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): [ aːk]
  • Audio:(file)

Suffix

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-ák m anim or m inan (noun-forming suffix)

  1. grader (noun suffix denoting a grade)
    osmý + ‎-ák → ‎osmák
  2. from nouns forms nouns that indicate the referent is characterized by or relating to the base noun
    kříž + ‎-ák → ‎křižák
  3. from adjectives forms nouns that indicate the referent has the property denoted by the base adjective
    chytrý + ‎-ák → ‎chytrák

Declension

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inanimate declension:

animate declension:

Derived terms

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Further reading

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  • -ák in Slovník afixů užívaných v češtině, 2017

Slovak

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Etymology

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Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-akъ.

Pronunciation

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Suffix

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-ák m

  1. an agentive suffix
    spievať + ‎-ák → ‎spevák
    vŕtať + ‎-ák → ‎vrták
    dívať sa + ‎-ák → ‎divák
  2. forms the name of the bearer of a property from an adjective
    chudý + ‎-ák → ‎chudák
    a suffix denoting that someone is pertaining to a grade or a class, -grader
    štvrtý + ‎-ák → ‎štvrták
    forms a colloquial or slang term from an adjective
    bombardovacie lietadlo + ‎-ák → ‎bombarďák
  3. forms a demonym, mainly in case of regions and nations
    Liptov + ‎-ák → ‎Lipták
    Slovan + ‎-ák → ‎Slovák
  4. an expressive, depreciative suffix
    chlap + ‎-ák → ‎chlapák
  5. an archaic suffix to create augmentative or depreciative forms of given names
    Ján + ‎-ák → ‎Janák
  6. a fictive suffix to adapt male forms of some borrowings
    bosorka + ‎-ák → ‎bosorák

Declension

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Derived terms

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Further reading

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  • Pauliny, Eugen - Ružička, Jozef - Štolc, Jozef (1968), Slovenská gramatika (in Slovak), 5th edition, Bratislava: Slovenské pedagogické nakladateľstvo, pages 145-152
  • -ák in Slovak dictionaries at korpus.sk