Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hiz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *ḱís, compound of *ḱe +‎ *ís.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /xiz/

Determiner

*hiz

1. this

Inflection

Declension of *hiz (irregular)

Case	Masculine		Feminine		Neuter
	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural
Nominative	*hiz	*hīz	*hijō?	*hijōz	*hit	*hijō
Accusative	*hinǭ	*hinz	*hijǭ	*hijōz	*hit	*hijō
Genitive	*hes	*hezǫ̂	*hezōz	*hezǫ̂	*hes	*hezǫ̂
Dative	*himmai	*himaz	*hezōi	*himaz	*himmai	*himaz
Instrumental	*hinō	*himiz	*hezō	*himiz	*hinō	*himiz

Derived terms

• *hidrê
• *hinō dagō
  • Proto-West Germanic: *hiu dagu (see *dag for descendants)
  • Gothic: 𐌷𐌹𐌼𐌼𐌰 𐌳𐌰𐌲𐌰 (himma daga)

Related terms

• *hē₂r

See also

• *iz
• *sa

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *hiʀ
  • Old English: hē, hi
    • Middle English: he, hee, e, a, ho, heo, hie, hye, hæ, hi, hey, ha, ȝe
      • English: he
      • Scots: he
      • Yola: hea, hey, hay, he
  • Old Frisian: hī
    • North Frisian:

      Most dialects: hi, he

      Halligen: hii

    • Saterland Frisian: hie
    • West Frisian: hy
  • Old Saxon: hē, hī
    • Middle Low German: hê, hî
      • German Low German: he
      • Low German: he
  • Old Dutch: hie
    • Middle Dutch: hi
      • Dutch: hij, ie
      • Limburgish: hae
  • Old High German: her (northern dialects)
    • Middle High German: her, *he
      • Central Franconian: hä
      • Luxembourgish: hien (from the accusative)
      • Vilamovian: hār
• Proto-Norse: ᚺᛁᚾᛟ (hino) (masculine accusative singular)
• Gothic: *𐌷𐌹𐍃 (*his)

References

• Ringe, Donald (2006) From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1)‎^[1], Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN