Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/triwwiþō

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *triwwiz +‎ *-iþō.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈtriw.wi.θɔː/

Noun

*triwwiþō f

1. promise, contract

Inflection

ō-stemDeclension of *triwwiþō (ō-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*triwwiþō	*triwwiþôz
vocative	*triwwiþō	*triwwiþôz
accusative	*triwwiþǭ	*triwwiþōz
genitive	*triwwiþōz	*triwwiþǫ̂
dative	*triwwiþōi	*triwwiþōmaz
instrumental	*triwwiþō	*triwwiþōmiz

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *triuwiþu
  • Old English: trīewþ, trēowþ
    • Middle English: trouthe, treowthe, treuwethe, treouthe, trewthe, treuthe, trothe
      • Scots: trowth, treuth
      • English: troth, truth
    • ⇒ Old English: ġetrēowþ
      • ⇒ Old English: unġetrēowþ
    • ⇒ Old English: untrēowþ
      • Middle English: untreuth
        • English: untruth
  • Old High German: *triuwida, *trūida
    • ⇒ Old High German: gatriuwida, gitriuwida
      • Middle High German: getriuwede
      • ⇒ Old High German: ungitriuwida
    • ⇒ Old High German: missitriuwida
      • Middle High German: missetriuwede
    • ⇒ Old High German: urtriuwida, urtrūida
    • ⇒ Old High German: zurtriuwida
• Proto-Norse: *ᛏᚱᛁᚢᚷᚹᛁᚦᚢ (*triugwiþu /⁠triuggwiþu⁠/)
  • Old Norse: tryggð, trygð
    • Icelandic: tryggð
    • Faroese: trygd
    • Norwegian Nynorsk: trygd; (dialectal) trøgd
      • → Norwegian Bokmål: trygd (“social security”)
    • Old Swedish: trygþ
      • Swedish: trygd
    • Old Danish: trygd
      • Danish: trygd (reborrowed in modern times from Old Danish or another Nordic language)
        • Norwegian Bokmål: trygd