Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/-ka

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This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

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Alternative forms

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Suffix

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*-ka

  1. Suffix expressing the dative case.
    *at (horse) + ‎*-ka → ‎*atka (to a horse)

Usage notes

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  1. The third person possessive suffix is merges unstable n and -k- to form -ŋa.
    *anïŋ ebi (his/her/its house) + ‎*-ka → ‎*anïŋ ebiŋe (to his/her/its house)
  2. Words with first person and second person possessive suffixes already end with m and ŋ. In such cases, k decreases.
    *sẹniŋ ebiŋ (your house) + ‎*-ka → ‎*sẹniŋ ebiŋe (to your house)
    *bẹniŋ ebim (my house) + ‎*-ka → ‎*bẹniŋ ebime (to my house)
  3. When first and second person singular pronouns take it, they switch to a back voweled environment.
    *sẹ (you) + ‎*-ka → ‎*saŋa (to you)
    *bẹ (I) + ‎*-ka → ‎*baŋa (to me)
  4. If it comes after an n sound, it turns into an ŋ sound.
    *be(n-) (I) + ‎*-ka → ‎*baŋa (to me)
    *biŕ(in-) (we) + ‎*-ka → ‎*biŕiŋe (to us)
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  • *-ni (accusative case)
  • *-niŋ (genitive case)
  • *-de (locative case)
  • *-den (ablative case)
  • *-gerü (allative case)
  • *-če (equative case)

Descendants

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  • Oghur:
    • Bulgar: نَ- (-ne, -na)
  • Common Turkic: