firman

See also: Firman

English

Etymology

From Ottoman Turkish فرمان (ferman), from Persian فرمان (farmân, “command, order, decree”).

Pronunciation

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /ˈfɜː.mən/
• (General American) IPA^(key): /ˈfɜɹ.mən/, [ˈfɝ.mən]

Noun

firman (plural firmans)

1. A royal decree issued by a sovereign in certain historical Islamic states, especially by the Sultan of Turkey.

   Hyponym: hatti-sherif

   • 1821 August 8, [Lord Byron], Don Juan, Cantos III, IV, and V, London: […] Thomas Davison, […], →OCLC, canto IV, (please specify the stanza number):

     his Sublimity's firman, The most imperative of sovereign spells, / Which every body does without who can […]

   • 1990, Peter Hopkirk, The Great Game, Folio Society, published 2010, page 134:

     He managed to obtain from the vizier a firman bearing the Emir's personal seal and ordering all Bokharan officials to assist the party in every way possible.

   • 2005, Coleman Phillipson, International Law And The Great War:

     It will be noted that the title of Sultan was adopted partly because that of Khedive had been conferred by an Ottoman firman.

Alternative forms

• pharmaund, phirmaund

Translations

Translations

• Bengali: ফরমান (bn) (phoroman)
• Gujarati: ફરમાન (pharmān)
• Hindi: फ़रमान m (farmān), फरमान (hi) m (pharmān)
• Kannada: ಫರ್ಮಾನು (kn) (pharmānu)
• Macedonian: фе́рман m (férman)
• Marathi: फर्मान n (pharmān)
• Ottoman Turkish: فرمان (ferman)
• Punjabi:

  Gurmukhi: ਫ਼ਰਮਾਨ m (farmān)

  Shahmukhi: فَرمان m (farmān)

• Urdu: فرمان (ur) m (farmān)

Further reading

• Firman in the Encyclopædia Britannica (11th edition, 1911)

Esperanto

Adjective

firman

1. accusative singular of firma

Finnish

Noun

firman

1. genitive singular of firma

Anagrams

• farmin

French

Noun

firman m (plural firmans)

1. firman

Further reading

• “firman”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

Galician

Verb

firman

1. third-person plural present indicative of firmar

Indonesian

Etymology

From Malay firman, from Classical Malay firman (“permission”), from Persian فرمان (farmân, “command, order, decree”). Doublet of permana.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈfɪr.man]
• Hyphenation: fir‧man

Noun

firman (first-person possessive firmanku, second-person possessive firmanmu, third-person possessive firmannya)

1. word of God

   Synonym: sabda

2. (Christianity) commandment.

   Synonym: perintah

   Firman Allah ― God's commandment

Derived terms

• berfirman
• memfirmankan

 

Further reading

• “firman” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

Javanese

Romanization

firman

1. Romanization of ꦥ꦳ꦶꦂꦩꦤ꧀

Romanian

Etymology

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish فرمان (ferman), from Persian فرمان (farmân, “command, order, decree”).

Noun

firman n (plural firmane)

1. firman

Declension

Declension of firman

	singular		plural
	indefinite articulation	definite articulation	indefinite articulation	definite articulation
nominative/accusative	(un) firman	firmanul	(niște) firmane	firmanele
genitive/dative	(unui) firman	firmanului	(unor) firmane	firmanelor
vocative	firmanule		firmanelor

Spanish

Verb

firman

1. third-person plural present indicative of firmar

Swedish

Noun

firman

1. definite singular of firma

Ternate

Etymology

From Malay firman, from Persian فرمان (farmân), from Middle Persian 𐫜𐫡𐫖𐫀𐫗 (frmʾn /⁠framān⁠/), from Old Persian 𐎳𐎼𐎶𐎠𐎴𐎠 (f-r-m-a-n-a /⁠framānā⁠/).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [fiɾ.ˈman]

Noun

firman

1. a firman
2. a command, order

References

• Rika Hayami-Allen (2001) A descriptive study of the language of Ternate, the northern Moluccas, Indonesia, University of Pittsburgh