gelar

Balinese

Romanization

gelar

1. Romanization of ᬕᭂᬮᬃ

Catalan

Etymology

Inherited from Old Catalan gelar, from Latin gelāre (“freeze”). Compare Occitan gelar, French geler, Aragonese chelar.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Central, Balearic) [ʒəˈla]
• IPA^(key): (Valencia) [d͡ʒeˈlaɾ]

Verb

gelar (first-person singular present gelo, first-person singular preterite gelí, past participle gelat); root stress: (Central) /ɛ/; (Valencia) /e/; (Balearic) /ə/

1. to freeze

Conjugation

    Conjugation of gelar (first conjugation)

infinitive			gelar
gerund			gelant
past participle				masculine		feminine
		singular		gelat		gelada
		plural		gelats		gelades
person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		jo	tu	ell/ella vostè	nosaltres nós	vosaltres vós	ells/elles vostès
	present	gelo	geles	gela	gelem	geleu	gelen
	imperfect	gelava	gelaves	gelava	gelàvem	gelàveu	gelaven
	future	gelaré	gelaràs	gelarà	gelarem	gelareu	gelaran
	preterite	gelí	gelares	gelà	gelàrem	gelàreu	gelaren
	conditional	gelaria	gelaries	gelaria	gelaríem	gelaríeu	gelarien
subjunctive		jo	tu	ell/ella vostè	nosaltres nós	vosaltres vós	ells/elles vostès
	present	geli	gelis	geli	gelem	geleu	gelin
	imperfect	gelés	gelessis	gelés	geléssim	geléssiu	gelessin
imperative		—	tu	vostè	nosaltres	vosaltres vós	vostès
	affirmative	—	gela	geli	gelem	geleu	gelin
	negative (no)	—	no gelis	no geli	no gelem	no geleu	no gelin

Derived terms

• geladora
• gelat

 

Related terms

• gel

Further reading

• “gelar” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
• “gelar”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2024
• “gelar” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
• “gelar” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

Franco-Provençal

Etymology

Inherited from Latin gelāre.

Verb

gelar (ORB large)

1. to freeze

Conjugation

    Conjugation of gelar

		simple			compound
infinitive		gelar			aveir gelá
gerund		gelánt			hayent gelá
auxiliary verb		aveir
past participle		masculine			feminine
	singular	gelá			geláe
	plural	gelás			geláes
		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
indicative		jo (j')	tu (t')	il/elli	nos	vos	ils
	present	gelo	geles	gele	gelems	gelads	gelont
	imperfect	gelavo	gelaves	gelave	gelavams	gelavads	gelavant
	preterite	gelei	gelés	gelet	gelêmos	gelêtes	gelèront
	future	gelerai	gelerés	gelerat	gelerems	gelereds	geleránt
	conditional	gelerim	geleriés	geleriet	geleriams	geleriads	geleriant
compound tenses	present perfect	present indicative of aveir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect indicative of aveir + past participle
	past anterior	preterite indicative of aveir + past participle
	future perfect	future indicative of aveir + past participle
	conditional perfect	conditional of aveir + past participle
subjunctive		que je (j')	que te (t')	qu'il/el	que nos	que vos	qu'ils/els
	present	gelo	geles	gele	gelams	gelads	gelant
	imperfect	gelesso	gelesses	gelesse	gelessams	gelessads	gelessant
compound tenses	past	present subjunctive of aveir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect subjunctive of aveir + past participle
imperative		—	te	—	nos	vos	—
			gela		gelams	gelads

Derived terms

• gelâ

References

• geler in DicoFranPro: Dictionnaire Français/Francoprovençal – on dicofranpro.llm.umontreal.ca
• gelar in Lo trèsor Arpitan – on arpitan.eu

Indonesian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɡə.ˈlar/
• Rhymes: -lar, -ar, -r
• Hyphenation: gê‧lar

Etymology 1

Inherited from Malay gelar, from Proto-Malayic *ɡəlaɣ.

Noun

gêlar (plural gelar-gelar, first-person possessive gelarku, second-person possessive gelarmu, third-person possessive gelarnya)

1. title (of a name).
2. nickname that relates to one's characteristics or condition.

   Synonym: sebutan

Derived terms

• bergelar
• digelari
• menggelari

 

• gelar kehormatan
• gelar pusaka

 

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Javanese ꦒꦼꦭꦂ (gelar, “array, layout, deployment”), from Old Javanese gĕlar (“laying out; deployment, battle-array”, literally “spreading”).

Noun

gêlar (plural gelar-gelar, first-person possessive gelarku, second-person possessive gelarmu, third-person possessive gelarnya)

1. deployment

Verb

gêlar

1. to spread

   Synonym: hampar

Derived terms

• digelar
• digelarkan
• dipergelarkan
• mempergelarkan
• menggelar
• menggelarkan
• pegelaran
• pergelaran
• tergelar

 

• gelar griya
• gelar perkara
• gelar wicara

 

Related terms

• pagelaran

 

Further reading

• “gelar” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

Interlingua

Verb

gelar

1. to freeze
2. to ice

Conjugation

    Conjugation of gelar

infinitive		gelar
participle		present	perfect
		gelante	gelate
active		simple	perfect
	present	gela	ha gelate
	past	gelava	habeva gelate
	future	gelara	habera gelate
	conditional	gelarea	haberea gelate
	imperative	gela
passive		simple	perfect
	present	es gelate	ha essite gelate
	past	esseva gelate	habeva essite gelate
	future	essera gelate	habera essite gelate
	conditional	esserea gelate	haberea essite gelate
	imperative	sia gelate

Derived terms

• disgelar (“to de-ice, to defrost”)

Javanese

Romanization

gelar

1. Romanization of ꦒꦼꦭꦂ

Karo Batak

Etymology

Compare Toba Batak goar, Simalungun Batak goran, Malay gelar.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ɡəˈlar]

Noun

gelar

1. name

References

• Ahmad Samin Siregar et al. (2001). Kamus Bahasa Karo–Indonesia. Medan: Balai Pustaka, p. 63.

Malay

Etymology

From Proto-Malayic *ɡəlaɣ.

First attested in the Kota Kapur inscription, 686 CE, as Old Malay [script needed] (galar) in inflected form nigalarku (current spelling digelarku).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ɡə.lär]

Noun

gelar (Jawi spelling ݢلر, plural gelar-gelar, informal 1st possessive gelarku, 2nd possessive gelarmu, 3rd possessive gelarnya)

1. title (of a name).

   E.g. Tengku, Datuk, Tun

2. nickname that relates to one's characteristics or condition.

   E.g. si kedekut (the greedy one), si bodoh (the stupid one)

Descendants

• Indonesian: gelar (“title”)

Further reading

• “gelar” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.

Portuguese

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Latin gelāre, from gelu (“frost”), from Proto-Indo-European *gel- (“cold”). By surface analysis, gelo +‎ -ar. Doublet of the inherited gear.

Pronunciation

 

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /ʒeˈla(ʁ)/ [ʒeˈla(h)]

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /ʒeˈla(ʁ)/ [ʒeˈla(h)]
  • (São Paulo) IPA^(key): /ʒeˈla(ɾ)/
  • (Rio de Janeiro) IPA^(key): /ʒeˈla(ʁ)/ [ʒeˈla(χ)]
  • (Southern Brazil) IPA^(key): /ʒeˈla(ɻ)/

 

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /ʒɨˈlaɾ/

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /ʒɨˈlaɾ/
  • (Southern Portugal) IPA^(key): /ʒɨˈla.ɾi/

• Hyphenation: ge‧lar

Verb

gelar (first-person singular present gelo, first-person singular preterite gelei, past participle gelado)

1. (intransitive) to freeze (become solid due to low temperature)

   Synonyms: congelar, enregelar, regelar

   Antonyms: degelar, derreter, descongelar

2. (intransitive) to become cold

   Synonyms: esfriar, refrigerar, resfriar

   Antonym: esquentar

3. (transitive) to cause to become cold
4. (intransitive) to become dispassionate

   Synonyms: desalentar, desanimar, emudecer, esmorecer

5. (intransitive) to freeze (become motionless)

   Synonym: congelar

Conjugation

    Conjugation of gelar (See Appendix:Portuguese verbs)

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (tu)	Third-person (ele / ela / você)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal	gelar
Personal	gelar	gelares	gelar	gelarmos	gelardes	gelarem
Gerund
	gelando
Past participle
Masculine	gelado			gelados
Feminine	gelada			geladas
Indicative
Present	gelo	gelas	gela	gelamos	gelais	gelam
Imperfect	gelava	gelavas	gelava	gelávamos	geláveis	gelavam
Preterite	gelei	gelaste	gelou	gelamos1, gelámos2	gelastes	gelaram
Pluperfect	gelara	gelaras	gelara	geláramos	geláreis	gelaram
Future	gelarei	gelarás	gelará	gelaremos	gelareis	gelarão
Conditional	gelaria	gelarias	gelaria	gelaríamos	gelaríeis	gelariam
Subjunctive
Present	gele	geles	gele	gelemos	geleis	gelem
Imperfect	gelasse	gelasses	gelasse	gelássemos	gelásseis	gelassem
Future	gelar	gelares	gelar	gelarmos	gelardes	gelarem
Imperative
Affirmative		gela	gele	gelemos	gelai	gelem
Negative (não)		não geles	não gele	não gelemos	não geleis	não gelem

¹Brazilian Portuguese.
²European Portuguese.

Related terms

• congelado
• congelador
• congelar
• geada
• gear
• geladeira
• gelado
• gelador
• geladura
• geleira
• geleiro
• gelidez
• gélido
• gelo

 

Further reading

• “gelar” in iDicionário Aulete.
• “gelar” in Dicionário inFormal.
• “gelar” in Dicionário Aberto based on Novo Diccionário da Língua Portuguesa de Cândido de Figueiredo, 1913
• “gelar” in Dicionário infopédia da Língua Portuguesa. Porto: Porto Editora, 2003–2024.
• “gelar” in Michaelis Dicionário Brasileiro da Língua Portuguesa.
• “gelar” in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa.

Sundanese

Romanization

gelar

1. Romanization of ᮌᮨᮜᮁ