immdích

Middle Irish

Etymology

From Old Irish imm·dích, attested mainly in legal texts.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /imʲˈdʲiːxʲ/

Verb

imm·dích

1. to protect, to defend

   Synonym: ditnid

   • c. 1000, Anonymous, published in (1935) Rudolf Thurneysen, editor, Scéla Mucca Meic Dathó (in Middle Irish), Dublin: Staionery Office, § 1, l. 2, page 1: “Im·dīched in cú Laigniu huili. ― The dog protected all Leinster.”

Inflection

• Third-person singular imperfect deuterotonic: im·díched

Mutation

Middle Irish mutation
Radical	Lenition	Nasalization
imm·dích	imm·dích pronounced with /-ð(ʲ)-/, later /-ɣ(ʲ)-/	imm·ndích
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Further reading

• Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “immdích”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

Old Irish

Etymology

From imm- +‎ dí- +‎ fichid.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /imʲˈdʲiːxʲ/

Verb

imm·dích (prototonic ·imdich, verbal noun imdegal)

1. to protect, save, defend against
   • c. 700, Críth Gablach, published in Críth Gablach (1941, Dublin: Stationery Office), edited by Daniel Anthony Binchy

     Im·dích dliged a chéle cintaib cuir, cáin, cairddi[u], co neoch ata·llen.

     He defends the rights of his clients in regard to liabilities arising from contract, written law and whatever follows therefrom. [translation by DIL entries for ad·len and cáin]

   • c. 700–1200 Táin Bó Cúailnge, from the Lebor na hUídre, LU 5028

     [Ocus] im·díus-[s]a Mag Murthemne uile.

     And I will protect all of Mag Murthemne.

   Synonyms: aingid, do·eim, snáidid

Inflection

Complex, class B I present, s future

		1st sg.	2nd sg.	3rd sg.	1st pl.	2nd pl.	3rd pl.	Passive sg.	Passive pl.
Present indicative	Deut.			imm·dích			ima·dichet
	Prot.			·imdich
Imperfect indicative	Deut.						ima·dichitis
	Prot.
Preterite	Deut.
	Prot.
Perfect	Deut.
	Prot.
Future	Deut.	im·díus
	Prot.
Conditional	Deut.
	Prot.
Present subjunctive	Deut.
	Prot.
Past subjunctive	Deut.
	Prot.
Imperative
Verbal noun		imdegal
Past participle
Verbal of necessity

Descendants

• Middle Irish: imm·dích

Mutation

Old Irish mutation
Radical	Lenition	Nasalization
imm·dích	imm·dích pronounced with /-ð(ʲ)-/	imm·ndích
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Further reading

• Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “immdích”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language