kapal

See also: kapál, kapał, and kąpał

English

Noun

kapal (plural kapals)

1. Alternative form of kappal (“ship”)

Ambonese Malay

Etymology

From Malay kapal, from Tamil கப்பல் (kappal, “ship, sailing vessel”).

Noun

kapal

1. ship (large water vessel)

Balinese

Romanization

kapal

1. Romanization of ᬓᬧᬮ᭄

Cebuano

Pronunciation

• Hyphenation: ka‧pal

Noun

kapal

1. the yellow-tailed sergeant major (Abudefduf notatus)

Czech

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈkapal]

Participle

kapal

1. masculine singular past active participle of kapat

Indonesian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ka.pal/
• Rhymes: -apal, -pal, -al
• Hyphenation: ka‧pal

Etymology 1

From Malay kapal (“ship”), from Classical Malay kapal (“decked ship”), from Tamil கப்பல் (kappal, “ship, sailing vessel”). In the third sense, a mistranslation of English ship (“relationship”), from relation + -ship (etymologically unrelated to the noun ship).

Noun

kapal (first-person possessive kapalku, second-person possessive kapalmu, third-person possessive kapalnya)

1. ship:
   1. (literal) A water-borne vessel generally larger than a boat.
   2. (chiefly in combination) A vessel which travels through any medium other than across land, such as an airship or spaceship.
   3. (slang, fandom slang) A fictional romantic relationship between two characters, either real or themselves fictional, especially one explored in fan fiction.

Derived terms

• kapal api
• kapal barang
• kapal feri
• kapal haji
• kapal kargo
• kapal laut
• kapal motor
• kapal pemburu
• kapal penyeberangan
• kapal penyusur
• kapal perintis
• kapal perusak
• kapal pesiar
• kapal pukat
• kapal selam
• kapal tangki
• kapal tanker
• kapal terbang
• kapal udara

 

Etymology 2

From Malay kapal (“thickening skin”), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kapal (“thick, as a plank”). Compare to Tagalog kapal (“thick”).

Noun

kapal (first-person possessive kapalku, second-person possessive kapalmu, third-person possessive kapalnya)

1. thickening skin; lichenification

Derived terms

• kapalan

 

Further reading

• “kapal” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
• kapal on the Indonesian Wikipedia.Wikipedia ^id

Javanese

Romanization

kapal

1. Romanization of ꦏꦥꦭ꧀

Mag-Anchi Ayta

Etymology

Borrowed from Tagalog kapal.

Adjective

kapal

1. thick

References

• Greenhill, S.J., Blust. R, & Gray, R.D. (2008). The Austronesian Basic Vocabulary Database: From Bioinformatics to Lexomics. Evolutionary Bioinformatics, 4:271-283.

Maguindanao

Noun

kapal

1. ship

Malay

Etymology

From Tamil கப்பல் (kappal, “ship, sailing vessel”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /kapal/
• Rhymes: -apal, -pal, -al

Noun

kapal (Jawi spelling کاڤل, plural kapal-kapal, informal 1st possessive kapalku, 2nd possessive kapalmu, 3rd possessive kapalnya)

1. ship (large water vessel)

Descendants

• Ambonese Malay: kapal
• Indonesian: kapal
  • → Balinese: ᬓᬧᬮ᭄ (kapal)
• → Alor: kapal
• → Balinese: ᬓᬧᬮ᭄ (kapal)
• → Buginese: ᨀᨄᨒ (kappala')
• → Chinese: 甲板 (jiǎbǎn)
• → English: kappal, capel, kapal
• → Javanese: ꦏꦥꦭ꧀ (kapal)
• → Khmer: កប៉ាល់ (kaʼpal)
• → Maguindanao: kapal
• → Maranao: kapal
• → Sundanese: ᮊᮕᮜ᮪ (kapal)
• → Tboli: kafal
• → Tausug: kappal
• → Thai: กำปั่น (gam-bpàn)
  • → Lao: ກຳປັ່ນ (kam pan)
  • → Khmer: កងព័ន្ធ (kɑɑngpŏənthɔɔ) (possibly)

Further reading

• “kapal” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.

Maranao

Etymology

Borrowed from Malay kapal

Noun

kapal

1. ship

   Synonyms: bapor, barko, mospil

2. boat

   Synonym: biday

3. vessel

References

• A Maranao Dictionary, by Howard P. McKaughan and Batua A. Macaraya

Tagalog

Alternative forms

• capal — obsolete, Spanish-based orthography

Etymology 1

From Western Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kapal or Proto-Austronesian *kaS(ə)pal. Compare Indonesian kapal and Malay kapal.

Noun

kapál (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜉᜎ᜔)

1. thickness
2. multitude; numerousness

   Synonyms: dami, tambak, sagana, damulas, katerba

3. (colloquial, derogatory) Ellipsis of kapal ng mukha.

   Ang kapal talaga ng hayop na yun!

   The shamelessness of that animal!

Derived terms

• kakapalan
• kapal ng mukha
• kapalan
• kumapal
• magpakapal
• makapal
• pagkapal
• pakapalin
• pampakapal

 

Etymology 2

Unknown. Possibly related to etymology 1 or an apocope from Malay kepala (“head, source (metaphorical)”), from Sanskrit कपाल (kapāla, “head”).

Noun

kapál (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜉᜎ᜔)

1. figure; creation

   Synonyms: likha, lalang, gawa

2. cake out of bread; tart

   Synonym: keyk

   kapal na tinapay ― cake of bread

3. lump made of wax

   kapal na pagkit ― lump of wax

Derived terms

• ikapal
• ipakapal
• kapalin
• kumapal
• Maykapal

 

Further reading

• “kapal” at KWF Diksiyonaryo ng Wikang Filipino‎^[1], Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino, 2021
• “kapal”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018
• Noceda, Fr. Juan José de, Sanlucar, Fr. Pedro de (1860) Vocabulario de la lengua tagala, compuesto por varios religiosos doctos y graves‎^[2] (in Spanish), Manila: Ramirez y Giraudier
• Blust, Robert, Trussel, Stephen (2010–) “*kapal”, in The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary
• Blust, Robert, Trussel, Stephen (2010–) “*kaS(e)pal”, in The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary