permafrost

English

Etymology

perma- +‎ frost

Pronunciation

• (US) IPA^(key): /ˈpɝməˌfɹɔst/

• Audio (US):

  (file)

Noun

permafrost (countable and uncountable, plural permafrosts)

1. Permanently frozen ground, or a specific layer thereof.
   • 2003, Johannes C. Nonner, Introduction to Hydrogeology, →ISBN, page 157:

     Nevertheless, the water molecule is present, as ice, in a solid form in frozen soils or permafrosts, which cover large regions characterised by a polar climate.

Derived terms

• permafrosted

Translations

permanently frozen ground

• Arabic: تُربَةُ صَقِيعِيّة f (turba ṣaqīʕiyya)
• Bulgarian: вечно замръзнала почва (večno zamrǎznala počva)
• Catalan: pergelisòl (ca) m
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 永久凍土／永久冻土 (zh) (yǒngjiǔ dòngtǔ)

• Dutch: permafrost (nl) m
• Finnish: ikirouta (fi)
• French: pergélisol (fr) m, permafrost (fr) m
• Galician: permafrost
• Georgian: მრავალწლოვანი მზრალობა (mravalc̣lovani mzraloba), მარადი მზრალობა (maradi mzraloba), მარად მზრალი ნიადაგი (marad mzrali niadagi), მარად მზრალი ქვენიადაგი (marad mzrali kveniadagi), მარად მზრალი გრუნტი (marad mzrali grunṭi)
• German: Permafrostboden (de) n
• Indonesian: ibun abadi (id)
• Inuktitut: ᐊᐅᔪᐃᑦᑐᖅ (aoyoittoq)
• Irish: talamh síorshioctha m, talamh shíorshioctha f
• Italian: permafrost (it)
• Japanese: 永久凍土 (えいきゅうとうど, eikyūtōdo)
• Korean: 영구동토(永久凍土) (yeonggudongto)
• Latvian: mūžīgais sasalums m
• Lithuanian: amžinasis įšalas m
• Macedonian: вечен мраз m (večen mraz)
• Malay: ibun abadi
• Manx: sheer-rio m
• Maori: upokomārō pūmau
• Norwegian:

  Bokmål: permafrost m

  Nynorsk: permafrost m

• Polish: wieczna zmarzlina (pl) f
• Portuguese: permafrost (pt) m
• Russian: ве́чная мерзлота́ (ru) f (véčnaja merzlotá)
• Spanish: permafrost (es) m, permacongelamiento m, permagel m, pergelisuelo m, pergelisol m, suelo permanentemente congelado m, suelo permanentemente helado m
• Ukrainian: багаторі́чна мерзлота́ f (bahatoríčna merzlotá), ві́чна мерзлота f (víčna merzlota)
• Welsh: rhew parhaol m (North), iâ parhaol m (South)

See also

• cryogenesis

Anagrams

• preformats

Dutch

Etymology

Borrowed from English permafrost.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈpɛr.maːˌfrɔst/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Hyphenation: per‧ma‧frost

Noun

permafrost m (uncountable)

1. permafrost

French

Etymology

From perma- +‎ frost.

Noun

permafrost m (plural permafrosts)

1. permafrost

Further reading

• “permafrost”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology

From English permafrost.

Noun

permafrost m (definite singular permafrosten, uncountable)

1. permafrost

References

• “permafrost” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
• “permafrost” in Det Norske Akademis ordbok (NAOB).

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology

From English permafrost.

Noun

permafrost m (definite singular permafrosten, uncountable)

1. permafrost

References

• “permafrost” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Portuguese

Pronunciation

 

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /peʁ.maˈfɾɔs.t͡ʃi/ [peɦ.maˈfɾɔs.t͡ʃi], /peʁ.maˈfɾɔst͡ʃ/ [peɦ.maˈfɾɔst͡ʃ]

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /peʁ.maˈfɾɔs.t͡ʃi/ [peɦ.maˈfɾɔs.t͡ʃi], /peʁ.maˈfɾɔst͡ʃ/ [peɦ.maˈfɾɔst͡ʃ]
  • (São Paulo) IPA^(key): /peɾ.maˈfɾɔs.t͡ʃi/, /peɾ.maˈfɾɔst͡ʃ/
  • (Rio de Janeiro) IPA^(key): /peʁ.maˈfɾɔʃ.t͡ʃi/, /peʁ.maˈfɾɔʃt͡ʃ/
  • (Southern Brazil) IPA^(key): /peɻ.maˈfɾɔst͡ʃ/, /peɻ.maˈfɾɔs.t͡ʃi/

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /pɨɾ.mɐˈfɾɔʃt/

Noun

permafrost m (uncountable)

1. (geology) permafrost (permanently frozen ground)

Romanian

Etymology

Borrowed from German Permafrost or French permafrost.

Noun

permafrost n (plural permafrosturi)

1. permafrost

Declension

Declension of permafrost

	singular		plural
	indefinite articulation	definite articulation	indefinite articulation	definite articulation
nominative/accusative	(un) permafrost	permafrostul	(niște) permafrosturi	permafrosturile
genitive/dative	(unui) permafrost	permafrostului	(unor) permafrosturi	permafrosturilor
vocative	permafrostule		permafrosturilor

Spanish

Etymology

Borrowed from English permafrost.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /peɾmaˈfɾost/ [peɾ.maˈfɾost̪]
• Rhymes: -ost
• Syllabification: per‧ma‧frost

Noun

permafrost m (uncountable)

1. (geology) permafrost

   Synonyms: permagel, permacongelamiento

Further reading

• “permafrost”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014

Swedish

Noun

permafrost c

1. permafrost

Declension

Declension of permafrost
	Uncountable
	Indefinite	Definite
Nominative	permafrost	permafrosten	—	—
Genitive	permafrosts	permafrostens	—	—

See also

• tjäle (“frozen ground”)

References

• permafrost in Svensk ordbok (SO)
• permafrost in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)