surcharger

English

Etymology

surcharge +‎ -er

Noun

surcharger (plural surchargers)

1. Someone who surcharges.

References

• “surcharger”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.

French

Etymology

From sur- +‎ charger.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /syʁ.ʃaʁ.ʒe/

• Audio:

  (file)

Verb

surcharger

1. (transitive) to overcharge
2. (transitive) to overload, overburden, overcrowd
3. (transitive) to surcharge

Conjugation

This is a regular -er verb, but the stem is written surcharge- before endings that begin with -a- or -o- (to indicate that the -g- is a "soft" /ʒ/ and not a "hard" /ɡ/). This spelling-change occurs in all verbs in -ger, such as neiger and manger.

Conjugation of surcharger (see also Appendix:French verbs)

infinitive	simple	surcharger
	compound	avoir + past participle
present participle or gerund1	simple	surchargeant /syʁ.ʃaʁ.ʒɑ̃/
	compound	ayant + past participle
past participle		surchargé /syʁ.ʃaʁ.ʒe/
		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		je (j’)	tu	il, elle, on	nous	vous	ils, elles
(simple tenses)	present	surcharge /syʁ.ʃaʁʒ/	surcharges /syʁ.ʃaʁʒ/	surcharge /syʁ.ʃaʁʒ/	surchargeons /syʁ.ʃaʁ.ʒɔ̃/	surchargez /syʁ.ʃaʁ.ʒe/	surchargent /syʁ.ʃaʁʒ/
	imperfect	surchargeais /syʁ.ʃaʁ.ʒɛ/	surchargeais /syʁ.ʃaʁ.ʒɛ/	surchargeait /syʁ.ʃaʁ.ʒɛ/	surchargions /syʁ.ʃaʁ.ʒjɔ̃/	surchargiez /syʁ.ʃaʁ.ʒje/	surchargeaient /syʁ.ʃaʁ.ʒɛ/
	past historic2	surchargeai /syʁ.ʃaʁ.ʒe/	surchargeas /syʁ.ʃaʁ.ʒa/	surchargea /syʁ.ʃaʁ.ʒa/	surchargeâmes /syʁ.ʃaʁ.ʒam/	surchargeâtes /syʁ.ʃaʁ.ʒat/	surchargèrent /syʁ.ʃaʁ.ʒɛʁ/
	future	surchargerai /syʁ.ʃaʁ.ʒə.ʁe/	surchargeras /syʁ.ʃaʁ.ʒə.ʁa/	surchargera /syʁ.ʃaʁ.ʒə.ʁa/	surchargerons /syʁ.ʃaʁ.ʒə.ʁɔ̃/	surchargerez /syʁ.ʃaʁ.ʒə.ʁe/	surchargeront /syʁ.ʃaʁ.ʒə.ʁɔ̃/
	conditional	surchargerais /syʁ.ʃaʁ.ʒə.ʁɛ/	surchargerais /syʁ.ʃaʁ.ʒə.ʁɛ/	surchargerait /syʁ.ʃaʁ.ʒə.ʁɛ/	surchargerions /syʁ.ʃaʁ.ʒə.ʁjɔ̃/	surchargeriez /syʁ.ʃaʁ.ʒə.ʁje/	surchargeraient /syʁ.ʃaʁ.ʒə.ʁɛ/
(compound tenses)	present perfect	present indicative of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
	past anterior2	past historic of avoir + past participle
	future perfect	future of avoir + past participle
	conditional perfect	conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive		que je (j’)	que tu	qu’il, qu’elle	que nous	que vous	qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple tenses)	present	surcharge /syʁ.ʃaʁʒ/	surcharges /syʁ.ʃaʁʒ/	surcharge /syʁ.ʃaʁʒ/	surchargions /syʁ.ʃaʁ.ʒjɔ̃/	surchargiez /syʁ.ʃaʁ.ʒje/	surchargent /syʁ.ʃaʁʒ/
	imperfect2	surchargeasse /syʁ.ʃaʁ.ʒas/	surchargeasses /syʁ.ʃaʁ.ʒas/	surchargeât /syʁ.ʃaʁ.ʒa/	surchargeassions /syʁ.ʃaʁ.ʒa.sjɔ̃/	surchargeassiez /syʁ.ʃaʁ.ʒa.sje/	surchargeassent /syʁ.ʃaʁ.ʒas/
(compound tenses)	past	present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect2	imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative		–	tu	–	nous	vous	–
simple		—	surcharge /syʁ.ʃaʁʒ/	—	surchargeons /syʁ.ʃaʁ.ʒɔ̃/	surchargez /syʁ.ʃaʁ.ʒe/	—
compound		—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en.
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way: past historic → present perfect past anterior → pluperfect imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

Further reading

• “surcharger”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.