tafuna

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See also: ṱafuna

Swahili

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Etymology

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From Proto-Bantu *-tákuna.

Pronunciation

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  • Audio (Kenya):(file)

Verb

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-tafuna (infinitive kutafuna)

  1. to chew, nibble, gnaw

Conjugation

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Conjugation of -tafuna
Positive present -natafuna
Subjunctive -tafune
Negative -tafuni
Imperative singular tafuna
Infinitives
Positive kutafuna
Negative kutotafuna
Imperatives
Singular tafuna
Plural tafuneni
Tensed forms
Habitual hutafuna
Positive past positive subject concord + -litafuna
Negative past negative subject concord + -kutafuna
Positive present (positive subject concord + -natafuna)
Singular Plural
1st person ninatafuna/natafuna tunatafuna
2nd person unatafuna mnatafuna
3rd person m-wa(I/II) anatafuna wanatafuna
other classes positive subject concord + -natafuna
Negative present (negative subject concord + -tafuni)
Singular Plural
1st person sitafuni hatutafuni
2nd person hutafuni hamtafuni
3rd person m-wa(I/II) hatafuni hawatafuni
other classes negative subject concord + -tafuni
Positive future positive subject concord + -tatafuna
Negative future negative subject concord + -tatafuna
Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -tafune)
Singular Plural
1st person nitafune tutafune
2nd person utafune mtafune
3rd person m-wa(I/II) atafune watafune
other classes positive subject concord + -tafune
Negative subjunctive positive subject concord + -sitafune
Positive present conditional positive subject concord + -ngetafuna
Negative present conditional positive subject concord + -singetafuna
Positive past conditional positive subject concord + -ngalitafuna
Negative past conditional positive subject concord + -singalitafuna
Gnomic (positive subject concord + -atafuna)
Singular Plural
1st person natafuna twatafuna
2nd person watafuna mwatafuna
3rd person m-wa(I/II) atafuna watafuna
m-mi(III/IV) watafuna yatafuna
ji-ma(V/VI) latafuna yatafuna
ki-vi(VII/VIII) chatafuna vyatafuna
n(IX/X) yatafuna zatafuna
u(XI) watafuna see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) kwatafuna
pa(XVI) patafuna
mu(XVIII) mwatafuna
Perfect positive subject concord + -metafuna
"Already" positive subject concord + -meshatafuna
"Not yet" negative subject concord + -jatafuna
"If/When" positive subject concord + -kitafuna
"If not" positive subject concord + -sipotafuna
Consecutive katafuna / positive subject concord + -katafuna
Consecutive subjunctive positive subject concord + -katafune
Object concord (indicative positive)
Singular Plural
1st person -nitafuna -tutafuna
2nd person -kutafuna -watafuna/-kutafuneni/-watafuneni
3rd person m-wa(I/II) -mtafuna -watafuna
m-mi(III/IV) -utafuna -itafuna
ji-ma(V/VI) -litafuna -yatafuna
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -kitafuna -vitafuna
n(IX/X) -itafuna -zitafuna
u(XI) -utafuna see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -kutafuna
pa(XVI) -patafuna
mu(XVIII) -mutafuna
Reflexive -jitafuna
Relative forms
General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -tafuna- + relative marker)
Singular Plural
m-wa(I/II) -tafunaye -tafunao
m-mi(III/IV) -tafunao -tafunayo
ji-ma(V/VI) -tafunalo -tafunayo
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -tafunacho -tafunavyo
n(IX/X) -tafunayo -tafunazo
u(XI) -tafunao see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -tafunako
pa(XVI) -tafunapo
mu(XVIII) -tafunamo
Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -tafuna)
Singular Plural
m-wa(I/II) -yetafuna -otafuna
m-mi(III/IV) -otafuna -yotafuna
ji-ma(V/VI) -lotafuna -yotafuna
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -chotafuna -vyotafuna
n(IX/X) -yotafuna -zotafuna
u(XI) -otafuna see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -kotafuna
pa(XVI) -potafuna
mu(XVIII) -motafuna
Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.

Derived terms

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