ترک

See also: برگ, پرک, ترك, برك, برک, and ب ر ك

Malay

Noun

ترک (plural ترک-ترک or ترک۲, informal 1st possessive ترککو, 2nd possessive ترکمو, 3rd possessive ترکڽ)

1. Jawi spelling of trak

Persian

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Arabic تَرْك (tark).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [taɾk]

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [t̪ʰäɾk]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [t̪ʰäɾk]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [t̪ʰäɾk]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [t̪ʰäɾk]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [t̪ʰæɹkʲ]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [t̪ʰäɾk]

Readings
Classical reading?	tark
Dari reading?	tark
Iranian reading?	tark
Tajik reading?	tark

Noun

Dari	ترک
Iranian Persian
Tajik	тарк

تَرک • (tark)

1. exit, leaving
2. quitting, abandoning, renouncing

Derived terms

• ترک دادن (tark dâdan)
• ترک کردن (tark kardan, “to exit”)

 

Etymology 2

From the verb ترکیدن (tarakidan, “to crack”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [ta.ˈɾak]

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [t̪ʰä.ɾǽk]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [t̪ʰä.ɾǽk]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [t̪ʰä.ɾǽk]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [t̪ʰä.ɾǽk]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [t̪ʰæ.ɹǽkʲ]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [t̪ʰä.ɾǽk]

Readings
Classical reading?	tarak
Dari reading?	tarak
Iranian reading?	tarak
Tajik reading?	tarak

Noun

Dari	ترک
Iranian Persian
Tajik	тарак

تَرَک • (tarak)

1. crack, crevice
2. present stem form of ترکیدن (tarakidan, “to crack, to explode”)

Etymology 3

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (twlk' /⁠Turk⁠/), from Old Turkic 𐱅𐰇𐰼𐰜 (t²ür²k̥).

Alternative forms

• تورک

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [tuɾk]

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [t̪ʰʊɾk]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [t̪ʰʊɾk]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [t̪ʰʊɾk]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [t̪ʰuɾk]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [t̪ʰoɹkʲ]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [t̪ʰuɾk]

Readings
Classical reading?	turk
Dari reading?	turk
Iranian reading?	tork
Tajik reading?	turk

Noun

Dari	ترک
Iranian Persian
Tajik	турк

تُرک • (tork) (plural تُرکان (torkân) or تُرک‌ها (tork-hâ) or اتراک (atrâk))

1. Turk
   • late 14th century, Xāja Shams-ud-Dīn Moḥammad Ḥāfeẓ-e Shīrāzī, “اگر آن ترک شیرازی به دست آرد دل ما را (Shirazi Turk)”, in دیوان حافظ [Divān of Ḥāfeẓ]:

     اگر آن ترک شیرازی به دست آرد دل ما را / به خال هندویش بخشم سمرقند و بخارا را

     agar ân tork-e širâzi be dast ârad del-e mâ-râ / be xâl-e hendu-yaš baxšam samarqand o boxârâ-râ

     If that Shirazi Turk accepts my heart in their hand, for their Indian mole (beauty spot) I will give Samarqand and Bukhara.

Derived terms

• ترک چشم (tork-čašm)
• ترکستان (torkestân)
• ترکستانی (torkestâni)
• ترکی (torki)
• ترکیه (torkiye)

 

Descendants

• → Byzantine Greek: Τοῦρκος (Toûrkos)
  • Greek: Τούρκος (Toúrkos)
  • → Medieval Latin: Turcus
    • → Old French: Turc
      • French: Turc
      • → Middle English: Turke, Turc, Turk
        • English: Turk
  • ⇒ Medieval Latin: Turcia (see there for further descendants)
• → Hindustani:
  • Hindi: तुर्क (turk)
  • Urdu: تُرک (turk)

Punjabi

Pronunciation

• (Standard Punjabi) IPA^(key): /t̪ᵊɾək.kə̆/, [t̪ᵊɾɐk.kə̆]

Noun

تْرَکّ • (trakk) m (Gurmukhi spelling ਤਰੱਕ)

1. mess, dump

   Synonym: کِھلارا (khilārā)

2. (literally) decomposed or burnt leftovers

Further reading

• “%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%95”, in Punjabipedia [ਪੰਜਾਬੀਪੀਡੀਆ] (in Punjabi), Patiala: Punjabi University, 2024

Urdu

Etymology

From Classical Persian تُرک (turk), or conversely through Chagatai.

Pronunciation

• (Standard Urdu) IPA^(key): /t̪ʊɾk/

Noun

تُرک • (turk) m or f (Hindi spelling तुर्क)

1. a Turkic person; a speaker of a Turkic language, or bearer of Turkic heritage
2. a Turkish person; a citizen of Turkey

Derived terms

• ترکی (turkī)
• تُرک چَشم (turk-caśm, “striking eyes; warlike eyes; eyes of army men”)
• تُرکِستان (turkistān)
• تُرکِستانِی (turkistānī)