끌다

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Korean

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Etymology

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First attested in the Worin seokbo (月印釋譜 / 월인석보), 1459, as Middle Korean 그ᅀᅳ다〮 (Yale: kùzù-tá), from pre-MK *kùsùk-, a form preserved in many dialects; compare Jeolla Korean 끄슥다 (kkeuseukda), Gyeongsang Korean 끄시다 (kkeusida), Yukjin Korean 끄스다 (kkeuseuda).

The modern Standard Korean form is highly irregular, involving not only spontaneous initial tensing (a common if irregular process in Korean) but an inexplicable addition of /l/; the expected reflex is *그다 (*geuda) or *끄다 (*kkeuda). The same irregular shift occurred somewhat earlier in 이끌다 (ikkeulda, to lead), which probably affected this verb's development.

Pronunciation

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  • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ˈk͈ɯ(ː)ɭda̠]
  • Phonetic hangul: [(ː)]
    • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
Romanizations
Revised Romanization?kkeulda
Revised Romanization (translit.)?kkeulda
McCune–Reischauer?kkŭlda
Yale Romanization?kkūlta

Verb

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Korean verb set
Base 끌다 (kkeulda)
Causative끌리다 (kkeullida)
Passive끌리다 (kkeullida)

끌다 (kkeulda) (infinitive 끌어, sequential 끄니) (transitive)

  1. to pull, to draw, to drag
    의자 끌다uija-reul kkeuldato drag a chair
    수레 끌다sure-reul kkeuldato pull a wagon
    저수지 끌어오다jeosuji mur-eul kkeureoodato draw water from a reservoir
    자전거 끌다jajeon'geo-reul kkeuldato drag a bicycle
  2. (of people, animals) to lead, to drag
    끌고 병원 가다ae-deur-eul kkeulgo byeong'won-e gadato drag the kids to the hospital
  3. (with no object) to drag on
    영화 질질 끈다yeonghwa-ga jiljil kkeundathe movie drags on tediously
  4. to stall, to delay
    시간 끌다sigan-eul kkeuldato stall for time
  5. (figurative) to draw, to attract
    관광객 끌다gwan'gwanggaeg-eul kkeuldato draw tourists
    관심 끌다gwansim-eul kkeuldato draw attention
  6. (figurative) to draw (inspiration, sourcing, etc., from)

Conjugation

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