참다
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Korean
[edit]Etymology
[edit]First attested in the Seokbo sangjeol (釋譜詳節 / 석보상절), 1447, as Middle Korean ᄎᆞᆷ〮다〮 (Yale: chóm-tá).
Pronunciation
[edit]- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ˈt͡ɕʰa̠(ː)mt͈a̠]
- Phonetic hangul: [참(ː)따]
- Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
| Romanizations | |
|---|---|
| Revised Romanization? | chamda |
| Revised Romanization (translit.)? | chamda |
| McCune–Reischauer? | ch'amta |
| Yale Romanization? | chāmqta |
Verb
[edit]참다 • (chamda) (infinitive 참아, sequential 참으니)
- (transitive) to bear; to endure
Conjugation
[edit] Selected forms of the verb 참다 (chamda): consonant-stem, regular
| Sentence-final forms | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Formal non-polite (해라체) |
Informal non-polite (해체) |
Informal polite (해요체) |
Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 참는다 chamneunda |
참아 chama |
참아요 chamayo |
참습니다 chamseumnida |
| Past | 참았다 chamatda |
참았어 chamasseo |
참았어요 chamasseoyo |
참았습니다 chamatseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 참느냐 chamneunya |
참아 chama |
참아요 chamayo |
참습니까 chamseumnikka |
| Past | 참았느냐 chamanneunya |
참았어 chamasseo |
참았어요 chamasseoyo |
참았습니까 chamatseumnikka | |
| Hortative | 참자 chamja |
참아 chama |
참아요 chamayo |
참으십시다 chameusipsida | |
| Imperative | 참아라 chamara |
참아 chama |
참아요 chamayo |
참읍시오 chameupsio | |
| Assertive | 참겠다 chamgetda |
참겠어 chamgesseo |
참겠어요 chamgesseoyo |
참겠습니다 chamgetseumnida | |
| Connective forms | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 참아 chama |
참아서 chamaseo |
참으니 chameuni |
참으니까 chameunikka | |
| Contrast | 참지만 chamjiman |
참는데 chamneunde |
참더니 chamdeoni |
||
| Conjunction | 참고 chamgo |
||||
| Condition | 참으면 chameumyeon |
참아야 chamaya |
|||
| Motive | 참으려고 chameuryeogo |
||||
| Noun and determiner forms | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 참음 chameum |
참기 chamgi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 참았음 chamasseum |
참았기 chamatgi | |||
| Determiners | Past | 참은 chameun | |||
| Present | 참는 chamneun | ||||
| Future | 참을 chameul | ||||
| Sentence-final forms with honorific | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Formal non-polite (해라체) |
Informal non-polite (해체) |
Informal polite (해요체) |
Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 참으신다 chameusinda |
참으셔 chameusyeo |
참으세요, 참으셔요 chameuseyo, chameusyeoyo |
참으십니다 chameusimnida |
| Past | 참으셨다 chameusyeotda |
참으셨어 chameusyeosseo |
참으셨어요 chameusyeosseoyo |
참으셨습니다 chameusyeotseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 참으시느냐 chameusineunya |
참으셔 chameusyeo |
참으세요, 참으셔요 chameuseyo, chameusyeoyo |
참으십니까 chameusimnikka |
| Past | 참으셨느냐 chameusyeonneunya |
참으셨어 chameusyeosseo |
참으셨어요 chameusyeosseoyo |
참으셨습니까 chameusyeotseumnikka | |
| Imperative | 참으시라 chameusira |
참으셔 chameusyeo |
참으세요 chameuseyo |
참으십시오 chameusipsio | |
| Assertive | 참으시겠다 chameusigetda |
참으시겠어 chameusigesseo |
참으시겠어요 chameusigesseoyo |
참으시겠습니다 chameusigetseumnida | |
| Connective forms with honorific | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 참으셔 chameusyeo |
참으셔서 chameusyeoseo |
참으시니 chameusini |
참으시니까 chameusinikka | |
| Contrast | 참으시지만 chameusijiman |
참으시는데 chameusineunde |
참으시더니 chameusideoni |
||
| Conjunction | 참으시고 chameusigo |
||||
| Condition | 참으시면 chameusimyeon |
참으셔야 chameusyeoya |
|||
| Motive | 참으시려고 chameusiryeogo |
||||
| Noun and determiner forms with honorific | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 참으심 chameusim |
참으시기 chameusigi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 참으셨음 chameusyeosseum |
참으셨기 chameusyeotgi | |||
| Determiners | Past | 참으신 chameusin | |||
| Present | 참으시는 chameusineun | ||||
| Future | 참으실 chameusil | ||||
Derived terms
[edit]- 참을성 (chameulseong)