Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/bullǭ

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *bʰln-, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰel- (“to blow, inflate, swell, bubble”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈbul.lɔ̃ː/

Noun

*bullǭ f

1. round object, ball
2. round vessel, bowl

Inflection

ōn-stemDeclension of *bullǭ (ōn-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*bullǭ	*bullōniz
vocative	*bullǭ	*bullōniz
accusative	*bullōnų	*bullōnunz
genitive	*bullōniz	*bullōnǫ̂
dative	*bullōni	*bullōmaz
instrumental	*bullōnē	*bullōmiz

Related terms

• *bullô

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *bollā
  • Old English: bolle
    • Middle English: bolle
      • Scots: boll, bol, bow
      • English: bowl
      • → Middle French: bolle
        • French: bol
          • → Greek: μπολ (bol)
  • Old Frisian: bolla
    • Saterland Frisian: Boolje, Bol
    • West Frisian: bol
  • Old Saxon: *bolla, bollo
    • Middle Low German: bolle, bole
      • German Low German: Boll, Bolle
        • ⇒ Low German: Bolltje
          • → Danish: bolsje
          • → German: Bollchen
  • Old Dutch: *bollo
    • Middle Dutch: bolle m
      • Dutch: bol
        • Afrikaans: bol
      • Limburgish: ból
  • Old High German: bolla
    • Middle High German: bolle
      • Alemannic German: Bölle, Belle, Böle
      • German: Bolle
      • Luxembourgish: Boll; Bull (latter uncertain)
  • → Vulgar Latin: *bolla (merger with Latin bulla)
    • Italo-Dalmatian
      • Italian: bolla
    • Oïl
      • Old French: bolle, bole
        • Middle French: boule
          • French: boule
            • → English: boule
        • Norman: bolle, boule
        • → Middle English: bowle, boule
          • English: bowl (“lawn bowl, ball”)
      • Picard Old French: *boule
        • ⇒ Picard Old French: boulenc
          • → Old French: bolengier, boulanger
            • Gallo: boulangier
            • Middle French: boulanger
              • French: boulanger
            • Norman: boulandgi (Jèrriais)
            • Walloon: boledjî
    • Old Occitan: bolla, bola
      • Occitan: bòla
      • Catalan: bolla, bola
      • Portuguese: bola
      • → Spanish: bola
    • Old Spanish:
      • Spanish: bolla
• Old Norse: bolli
  • Icelandic: bolli
  • Faroese: bolli
  • Norwegian: bolle
  • Old Swedish: bolle, bulle
    • Swedish: bulle
      • → Finnish: pulla
        • → English: pulla
      • → Finnish: pullo
  • Old Danish: bollæ, bullæ
    • Danish: bolle