Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/smittōną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈsmit.tɔː.nɑ̃/

Etymology 1

From Pre-Germanic *smidnéh₂-, a zero-grade iterative to *smītaną (“to strike”).

Verb

*smittōną

1. to strike

Inflection

The original paradigm consisted of two stem variants, *smitt- against *smit-.

Conjugation of *smittōną (weak class 2)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*smittō	*smittǭ	—	*smittōi	?
2nd singular	*smittōsi	*smittōs	*smittō	*smittōsai	*smittōsau
3rd singular	*smittōþi	*smittō	*smittōþau	*smittōþai	*smittōþau
1st dual	*smittōs	*smittōw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*smittōþiz	*smittōþiz	*smittōþiz	—	—
1st plural	*smittōmaz	*smittōm	—	*smittōnþai	*smittōnþau
2nd plural	*smittōþ	*smittōþ	*smittōþ	*smittōnþai	*smittōnþau
3rd plural	*smittōnþi	*smittōn	*smittōnþau	*smittōnþai	*smittōnþau
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*smittōdǭ	*smittōdēdį̄
2nd singular	*smittōdēz	*smittōdēdīz
3rd singular	*smittōdē	*smittōdēdī
1st dual	*smittōdēdū	*smittōdēdīw
2nd dual	*smittōdēdudiz	*smittōdēdīdiz
1st plural	*smittōdēdum	*smittōdēdīm
2nd plural	*smittōdēdud	*smittōdēdīd
3rd plural	*smittōdēdun	*smittōdēdīn
	present	past
participles	*smittōndz	*smittōdaz

Descendants

• Old High German: *smizzōn
  • Middle High German: smitzen
    • German: schmitzen
• Old Norse: *smitta, *smita
  • Elfdalian: smitå
  • Old Swedish: smita

Etymology 2

Derived from *smittǭ (“stain, smear”) +‎ *-ōną. See *smītaną (“to smear, stain, dirty”). Alternatively from *smitiz (“stain”).

Alternative forms

• *smitjōną

Verb

*smittōną

2. to stain, smear

Inflection

Conjugation of *smittōną (weak class 2)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*smittō	*smittǭ	—	*smittōi	?
2nd singular	*smittōsi	*smittōs	*smittō	*smittōsai	*smittōsau
3rd singular	*smittōþi	*smittō	*smittōþau	*smittōþai	*smittōþau
1st dual	*smittōs	*smittōw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*smittōþiz	*smittōþiz	*smittōþiz	—	—
1st plural	*smittōmaz	*smittōm	—	*smittōnþai	*smittōnþau
2nd plural	*smittōþ	*smittōþ	*smittōþ	*smittōnþai	*smittōnþau
3rd plural	*smittōnþi	*smittōn	*smittōnþau	*smittōnþai	*smittōnþau
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*smittōdǭ	*smittōdēdį̄
2nd singular	*smittōdēz	*smittōdēdīz
3rd singular	*smittōdē	*smittōdēdī
1st dual	*smittōdēdū	*smittōdēdīw
2nd dual	*smittōdēdudiz	*smittōdēdīdiz
1st plural	*smittōdēdum	*smittōdēdīm
2nd plural	*smittōdēdud	*smittōdēdīd
3rd plural	*smittōdēdun	*smittōdēdīn
	present	past
participles	*smittōndz	*smittōdaz

Related terms

• *smidiz m

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *smittōn, *smittjōn
  • Old English: smittian
    • Middle English: smitten
      • English: smit
      • Scots: smit
  • Old Frisian: *smittia, smitta
  • Old Saxon: *smittōn
    • Middle Low German: smitten, smetten
      • → Swedish: smitta
  • Old Dutch: *smitton
    • Middle Dutch: smitten, smetten
      • Dutch: smetten
  • Old High German: *smizzōn
    • Middle High German: smitzen
      • German: schmitzen
• Old Norse: *smita
  • Norwegian: smita
  • Elfdalian: smitå
  • Old Swedish: smita
    • Swedish: smeta

References

• Kroonen, Guus (2013) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN