Reconstruction:Proto-Malayo-Polynesian/salaq

This Proto-Malayo-Polynesian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Malayo-Polynesian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /salaʔ/, /salaq/

Adjective

*salaq

1. wrong, in error (of behavior)

Descendants

• Proto-Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian:
  • Central Malayo-Polynesian:
    • Central Maluku:
      • Alune: sala
      • Asilulu: sala
      • Buru (Indonesia): sala
      • Watubela: sala
    • Kei–Tanimbar:
      • Fordata: sala
      • Yamdena: sale
    • Selaru:
      • Selaru: sal
    • Sumba–Flores:
      • Bima: sala
      • Kambera: hala
      • Manggarai: sala
      • Sabu: hala
    • Timor–Babar:
      • Bilba: sala, salak
      • Kisar: hala
      • Leti (Indonesia): sala
      • Tetun Dili: sala
  • Proto-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian:
    • Proto-Halmahera-Cenderawasih:
      • Biak: sār
      • Buli (Indonesia): sāl
      • Kowiai: sala
      • Sawai: sole
    • Proto-Oceanic: *salaq
      • Central–Eastern Oceanic:
        • Central Pacific:
          • East Fijian–Polynesian:
            • Fijian: cala
            • Proto-Polynesian: *sala
              • Nuclear Polynesian:
                • Eastern Polynesian:
                  • Marquesic:
                    • Hawaiian: hala
                    • Mangarevan: hara
                    • North Marquesan: ha’a
                    • South Marquesan: ha’a
                  • Rapa Nui: hara
                  • Tahitic:
                    • Maori: hara
                    • Rarotongan: ‘ara
                    • Tahitian: hara
                    • Tuamotuan: hara
                • Western Polynesian:
                  • Ellicean–Outlier:
                    • Kapingamarangi: hala, hara
                    • Sikaiana: sala
                    • Takuu: sala
                    • Tuvaluan: hala
                  • Futunic:
                    • Anuta: tara
                    • East Futuna: sala
                    • Emae: sara
                    • Mele-Fila: sara
                    • Pukapukan: yala
                    • Tikopia: sara
                  • Samoic:
                    • Samoan: sala
                    • Tokelauan: hala
              • Tongic:
                • Niuafo'ou: hala
                • Niuean: hala
                • Tongan: hala
          • West Fijian–Rotuman:
            • Rotuman: sara
            • Western Fijian: cala
        • Southeast Solomonic:
          • 'Are'are: tara
          • Arosi: tara
          • Kwaio: tala
          • Lau: tala
          • Sa'a: tala
          • To'abaita: tala
• Western Malayo-Polynesian:
  • Basap–Greater Barito:
    • Basap: sala
    • East Barito:
      • Dusun Witu: hala'
      • Malagasy: salasala
      • Tawoyan: sala
    • Sama-Bajaw:
      • Central Sama: sā'
      • Mapun: sā'
      • Yakan: sā'
    • West Barito:
      • Bakumpai: sala
      • Ngaju: sala
  • Kayanic:
    • Baram Kayan: sala
    • Murik (Malaysia): sala'
  • Land Dayak:
    • Bekati': sara
    • Benyadu': sara'
    • Biatah Bidayuh: sarah
    • Rejang: salea'
  • North Bornean:
    • Central Sarawakan:
      • Melanau:
        • Central Melanau: sala'
        • Kanowit: sala'
      • Kajang:
        • Kajaman: sala' (IPA^(key): /çaɮaʔ/)
        • Lahanan: sala' (IPA^(key): /saɮaʔ/)
        • Sekapan: sala' (IPA^(key): /saɮaʔ/)
      • Müller-Schwaner:
        • Aoheng: sala'
        • Hovongan: sala'
        • Kereho: sala'
      • Punan:
        • Bukat: sala'
        • Punan Aput: sala'
        • Punan Bah-Biau: sala'
        • Ukit: sala'
    • North Sarawakan:
      • Dayic:
        • Kelabit: sala'
        • Lun Bawang: sala'
      • Kenyah: sala'
      • Penan:
        • Eastern Penan: sala'
        • Western Penan: sala'
    • Northeast Sabahan:
      • Bonggi: sala'
      • Ida'an: sala'
    • Southwest Sabahan:
      • Dusunic:
        • Central Dusun: sala'
        • Coastal Kadazan: hasa'
        • Kimaragang: sala
        • Rungus: sala
        • Tobilung: sala
      • Murutic:
        • Burusu: sala
        • Timugon Murut: sala
      • Paitanic:
        • Tombonuo: sala', sola'
        • Upper Kinabatangan: sala, salah
  • Proto-Philippine: *salaq
    • Batanic:
      • Ivatan: sala
      • Yami: sala
    • Central Luzon:
      • Kapampangan: sala
    • Greater Central Philippine:
      • Central Philippine:
        • Bikol Central: sala
        • Mansaka: sara
        • Tagalog: sala
        • Visayan:
          • Aklanon: saea
          • Asi: sala
          • Cebuano: sala
          • Hiligaynon: sala
          • Masbatenyo: sala
          • Romblomanon: sala
          • Waray-Waray: sala
          • Tausug: sā'
      • Danao:
        • Maranao: sala
      • Gorontalo–Mongondow:
        • Mongondow: tala
      • Manobo:
        • Binukid: sala
        • Western Bukidnon Manobo: sala
      • Palawan:
        • Brooke's Point Palawano: sala'
        • Central Tagbanwa: sala
        • Tagbanwa: sala'
      • Subanen:
        • Central Subanen: sala'
    • Kalamian:
      • Agutaynen: talak
    • Minahasan:
      • Tontemboan: sala
    • Northern Luzon:
      • Batad Ifugao: halla
      • Keley-I Kallahan: halla, hela
      • Tuwali Ifugao: halla
    • South Mindanao:
      • Tboli: sala
      • Tiruray: sala
    • Sangiric:
      • Sangir: sala
  • Celebic:
    • Balantak: sala
    • Banggai: sala
    • Da'a Kaili: sala
    • Muna: sala
    • Pamona: sala
    • Tajio: sala
    • Wolio: sala
  • Northwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands:
    • Batak:
      • Dairi Batak: salah
      • Karo Batak: salah
      • Simalungun Batak: salah
      • Toba Batak: sala
    • Mentawai: sele
    • Nias: sala
    • Simeulue: sala
  • Chamorro: sala
  • Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan:
    • Bali–Sasak:
      • Balinese: salah
      • Sasak: sala', sala
    • Proto-Malayic: *salah
      • Banjarese: salah
      • Ibanic:
        • Iban: salah
        • Keninjal: salah
        • Mualang: salah
        • Seberuang: salah
      • Malayan:
        • Brunei Malay: salah
        • Malay: salah
          • Indonesian: salah
        • Minangkabau: salah
      • Urak Lawoi': ซาลัฮ (salah)
  • Old Javanese: salah
    • Javanese: ꦱꦭ (sala), ꦱꦭꦃ (salah)
  • Proto-South Sulawesi:
    • Buginese: sala
    • Makasar: sala
    • Tae': sala

Further reading

• Blust's Austronesian Comparative Dictionary – *salaq
• The Languages of Borneo: A Comprehensive Classification