Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/koč
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Proto-Turkic
[edit]Etymology
[edit]The form *kočgar is morphologically obscure as there is no *-gar suffix.
Nishanyan compares it to Armenian ոչխար (očʻxar, “ram”) and Arabic كبش (kabš, “ram”), however neither of these words can etymologically and phonologically be related to this word.
Noun
[edit]*koč
Declension
[edit]Declension of *koč
Singular 3) | |
---|---|
Nominative | *koč |
Accusative | *kočnï, *kočug 4), *kočnïg 1) |
Genitive | *kočnïŋ |
Dative | *kočka |
Locative | *kočda |
Ablative | *kočdan |
Allative | *kočgaru |
Instrumental 2) | *kočun |
Equative 2) | *kočča |
Similative 2) | *kočlayu |
Comitative 2) | *kočlugu |
1) Possibly in Pre-Proto-Turkic.
2) The original instrumental, equative, similative & comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
3) Plurality is disputed in Proto-Turkic. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page in Wikibooks.
4) Found in the Old Turkic era.
2) The original instrumental, equative, similative & comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
3) Plurality is disputed in Proto-Turkic. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page in Wikibooks.
4) Found in the Old Turkic era.
Descendants
[edit]Animals in Turkic | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
dog: *ït |
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hunting dog: *eker |
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hen: *tiakïgu |
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lark: *torgay |
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dove, pigeon: *kȫkerčin |
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quail: *bïldurčïn |
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sparrow: *serče | ![]() |
hawk, falcon: *kïrguy |
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goose: *kāŕ |
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wolf: *bȫrü |
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cow: *ingek |
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calf: *buŕagu |
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camel: *tebe |
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young of camel: *kȫĺek, *botu |
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horse: *at |
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foal: *kulun |
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worm: *kūrt |
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snake: *yï̄lan |
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fox: *tilkü | ![]() |
goat: *keči | ![]() |
he-goat: *teke |
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lion: *arsïlan |
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fish: *bālïk | ![]() |
carp bream: *čapak |
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donkey: *eĺčgek | ![]() |
carp: *siāŕgan | ![]() |
catfish: *yāyïn |
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beaver: *kunduŕ | ![]() |
hedgehog: *kirpi | ![]() |
badger: *borsmuk |
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fly, mosquito: *siŋek | ![]() |
wasp, bee: *ārï | ![]() |
gadfly: *bȫgen |
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moth: *küńe | ![]() |
louse: *bït | ![]() |
earthworm: *sïbuĺgan |
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yak: *kotuz | ![]() |
colt: *sïp | dragon: *siāŕgan | |
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worm: *kūrt | ![]() |
deer: *keyik, *sïgun, *bulan, *bugu | ![]() |
lizard: *keleŕ |
References
[edit]- Clauson, Gerard (1972) “kočŋar”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 592
- Tenišev E. R., editor (1984–2006), Sravnitelʹno-istoričeskaja grammatika tjurkskix jazykov: [Comparative Historical Grammar of Turkic Languages:] (in Russian), Moscow: Nauka, pages 233-234
- Levitskaja, L. S., Dybo, A. V., Rassadin, V. I. (2000) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ tjurkskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Turkic Languages] (in Russian), volume VI, Moscow: Indrik, page 86
- Räsänen, Martti (1969) Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachen (in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen seura, page 274
- Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “koç”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
- Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*Koč”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8)[1], Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill
- Gombocz, Zoltán (1912) Die bulgarisch-türkischen Lehnwörter in der ungarischen Sprache [The Bulgarian–Turkic Loanwords in the Hungarian Language] (Suomalais-ugrilaisen Seuran toimituksia = Mémoires de la Société Finno-Ougrienne; XXX)[2] (in German), page 100
- Nugteren, Hans (2011) Mongolic phonology and the Qinghai-Gansu languages (dissertation)[3], Utrecht: LOT, page 430
- Bayarma Khabtagaeva (2019), Language Contact in Siberia: Turkic, Mongolic, and Tungusic Loanwords in Yeniseian (The Languages of Asia Series; 19), Leiden, Boston: Brill, pages: 71‒72