ntj
Egyptian[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Formed from nt + -j (nisba ending), where nt is a nominalized use of the feminine form of the genitival adjective n(j). The noun ntj is in turn simply a nominalized use of the adjective ntj.
Pronunciation[edit]
- (reconstructed) IPA(key): /niˈtij/ → /niˈtij/ → /nətə/ → /nət/
- (modern Egyptological) IPA(key): /nɛti/, /ɛnti/
- Conventional anglicization: neti, enti
Adjective[edit]
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- the relative adjective — allows a clause to serve as a relative clause, usually with an adverbial or verbal predicate
- (introducing a direct relative clause, with ntj serving in place of a subject) which is, who is, being
- (introducing an indirect relative clause, with a later resumptive pronoun) such that, for which, concerning which
Usage notes[edit]
When followed by an indirect relative clause with a pronominal subject, the subject takes the form of a suffix pronoun attached to ntj; in this case ntj is often written without the two strokes representing final -j. The exceptions to this are clauses with a first-person singular subject, which use the dependent pronoun wj, and sometimes a third-person subject, which can use the dependent pronoun st. Other subjects rarely also appear in dependent-pronoun form.
When a direct relative clause is negated, it is given an explicit resumptive subject pronoun after the negative particle rather than having ntj serve in place of a subject. Alternatively, jwtj can be used instead of ntj and a negative particle.
Like jw, ntj asserts that the statement in the clause is true at the time of the statement, marking it as modally realis.
Inflection[edit]
Alternative forms[edit]
Antonyms[edit]
Descendants[edit]
- Akhmimic Coptic: ⲉⲧ- (et-)
- Bohairic Coptic: ⲉⲧ- (et-), ⲉⲑ- (eth-)
- Fayyumic Coptic: ⲉⲧ- (et-)
- Sahidic Coptic: ⲉⲧ- (et-)
- ⇒ Akhmimic Coptic: ⲉⲧⲉ- (ete-)
- ⇒ Bohairic Coptic: ⲉⲧⲉ- (ete-)
- ⇒ Fayyumic Coptic: ⲉⲧⲉ- (ete-)
- ⇒ Sahidic Coptic: ⲉⲧⲉ- (ete-)
Noun[edit]
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m
- (introducing a direct relative clause) he who is, one who is, that which is
- (introducing an indirect relative clause, with a later resumptive pronoun) he for whom, one for whom, one such that, that for which
- (without a following relative clause) he who exists, one who exists, that which exists
Usage notes[edit]
See under the adjective above.
Inflection[edit]
See under the adjective above.
Alternative forms[edit]
See under the adjective above.
Antonyms[edit]
Derived terms[edit]
References[edit]
- James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, pages 134–140.