戎

See also: 戒

戎 U+620E, 戎 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-620E ← 戍 [U+620D] CJK Unified Ideographs 戏 → [U+620F]

Translingual

Han character

戎 (Kangxi radical 62, 戈+2, 6 strokes, cangjie input 戈十 (IJ), four-corner 5340₀, composition ⿹戈𠂇(GHTJK) or ⿻戊一(V))

Derived characters

• 𠈋, 𠲦, 𡊸, 娀, 㣝, 𢫨, 𣴛, 狨, 㭜, 毧, 𤇽, 𮁱, 𥅯, 𥑳, 䄾, 䘬, 𫂽, 絨(绒), 羢, 𦕧, 𧊕, 賊(贼), 𧻪, 𨀻, 𨠤, 𨱿, 𬫍, 𣉝, 駥, 𩶺, 𪀚, 𢦛, 茙, 𥬪, 𫻸, 䯷, 𪀵

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 411, character 8
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 11539
• Dae Jaweon: page 752, character 12
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1397, character 8
• Unihan data for U+620E

Chinese

simp. and trad.		戎
alternative forms		𢦦 ancient form 𢍻 historical form found in 漢孔宙碑 𫻳 ancient form in Bronze inscription

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 戎
Shang	Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (戎) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
娀	*snuŋ
戎	*njuŋ
茙	*njuŋ
駥	*njuŋ
狨	*njuŋ
絨	*njuŋ

Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 盾 (“shield”) + 戈 (“halberd; weapons”) – weaponry, arms.

Etymology

“you”

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *na-ŋ (“you”).

“bellicose, warlike”

Goldin (2011) proposes that the "pseudo-ethnonym" sense 戎 (róng) was derived from "bellicose".

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): róng (rong²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄖㄨㄥˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): jung⁴
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): yùng
• Eastern Min (BUC): ṳ̀ng
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): liông / jiông

  (Teochew, Peng'im): rong⁵

• Wu (Wugniu)
  • (Northern): ⁶gnion; ⁶zon / ²zon

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: róng
    • Zhuyin: ㄖㄨㄥˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: róng
    • Wade–Giles: jung²
    • Yale: rúng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: rong
    • Palladius: жун (žun)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʐʊŋ³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: jung⁴
    • Yale: yùhng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: jung⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: yung⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jʊŋ²¹/
• Hakka
  • (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yùng
    • Hakka Romanization System: iungˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: yung²
    • Sinological IPA: /i̯uŋ¹¹/
  • (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yùng
    • Hakka Romanization System: (r)iungˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: yung²
    • Sinological IPA: /(j)i̯uŋ¹¹/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: ṳ̀ng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /yŋ⁵³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: liông
    • Tâi-lô: liông
    • Phofsit Daibuun: lioong
    • IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou): /liɔŋ²⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: jiông
    • Tâi-lô: jiông
    • Phofsit Daibuun: jioong
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /ziɔŋ²³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /d͡ziɔŋ¹³/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: rong⁵
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: jông
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /d͡zoŋ⁵⁵/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁶gnion; ⁶zon
    • MiniDict: nyon^去; zon^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³nyion; ³zon
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /n̠ʲioŋ²³/, /zoŋ²³/
  • (Northern: Suzhou)
    • Wugniu: ²zon
    • MiniDict: zon^平
    • Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /zoŋ²²³/

Note:

• gnion - vernacular;
• zon - literary.

---

• Middle Chinese: nyuwng

Rime
Character	戎
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	日 (38)
Final (韻)	東 (2)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	如融切
Baxter	nyuwng
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ȵɨuŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/ȵiuŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/ȵʑiuŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ȵuwŋ/
Li Rong	/ȵiuŋ/
Wang Li	/ȵʑĭuŋ/
Bernard Karlgren	/ȵʑi̯uŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	róng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jung4

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*nuŋ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*njuŋ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	戎	戎
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	róng	róng
Middle Chinese	‹ nyuwng ›	‹ nyuwng ›
Old Chinese	/*nuŋ/	/*nuŋ/
English	foreigners in the west	weapon
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	戎
Reading #	1/1
No.	10849
Phonetic component	戎
Rime group	終
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	戎
Old Chinese	/*njuŋ/

Definitions

戎

1. (literary) arms; armaments

   • 是月也，天子乃教於田獵，以習五戎，班馬政。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     是月也，天子乃教于田猎，以习五戎，班马政。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Book of Rites, c. 4^th – 2^nd century BCE

     Shì yuè yě, tiānzǐ nǎi jiào yú tiánliè, yǐ xí wǔróng, bān mǎ zhèng. [Pinyin]

     In this month the son of Heaven, by means of hunting, teaches how to use the five weapons of war, and the rules for the management of horses.

2. (literary) army; military affairs

   投筆從戎／投笔从戎  ―  tóubǐcóngróng  ―  to cast aside the pen and join the army

   • 國之大事，在祀與戎。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     国之大事，在祀与戎。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: Commentary of Zuo, c. 4^th century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

     Guó zhī dàshì, zài sì yǔ róng. [Pinyin]

     The great affairs of the state are sacrifice and warfare.

3. (obsolete) you

   • 戎雖小子，而式弘大。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]
     戎虽小子，而式弘大。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11^th – 7^th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

     Róng suī xiǎozǐ, ér shì hóngdà. [Pinyin]

     Though you may be [but as] little children, your work is vast and great.

4. Used in 戎戎 (róngróng).
5. Used in 蒙戎.
6. (historical) a general term for ethnic groups in the west of China

   See also: 西戎

   • 是以秦用戎人由余而霸中國，齊用越人蒙而彊威、宣。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     是以秦用戎人由余而霸中国，齐用越人蒙而强威、宣。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Records of the Grand Historian, by Sima Qian, c. 91 BCE

     Shìyǐ Qín yòng Róngrén Yóuyú ér bà Zhōngguó, Qí yòng Yuèrén Méng ér qiáng Wēi, Xuān. [Pinyin]

     So Qin used the Rong man Youyu and established hegemony over the central states, Qi used the Yue man Meng and strengthened (kings) Wei and Xuan.

7. a surname

Compounds

• 元戎
• 兵戎 (bīngróng)
• 即戎
• 和戎
• 嘉戎 (Jiāróng)
• 大戎
• 大總戎／大总戎
• 女戎
• 小戎
• 從戎／从戎 (cóngróng)
• 戎事
• 戎兵
• 戎寄
• 戎幕
• 戎戎 (róngróng)
• 戎旃
• 戎服
• 戎機／戎机 (róngjī)
• 戎狄 (róngdí)
• 戎索
• 戎行 (róngháng)
• 戎衣 (róngyī)
• 戎裝／戎装 (róngzhuāng)
• 戎車／戎车
• 戎首
• 戎馬／戎马 (róngmǎ)
• 戎馬倥傯／戎马倥偬 (róngmǎkǒngzǒng)
• 戎馬生郊／戎马生郊
• 投筆從戎／投笔从戎 (tóubǐcóngróng)
• 治戎
• 犬戎 (Quǎnróng)
• 狐裘蒙戎
• 獯戎
• 王戎
• 總戎／总戎
• 羌戎
• 興戎／兴戎
• 蒙戎
• 蠻夷戎狄／蛮夷戎狄 (mányí róngdí)
• 西戎 (Xīróng)
• 阿戎 (āróng)
• 驪戎／骊戎

 

References

• “戎”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

戎

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

1. warrior
2. arms
3. barbarian
4. Ainu

Readings

• On (unclassified): じゅう (jū)
• Kun: つわもの (tsuwamono, 戎); えびす (ebisu, 戎)

Proper noun

戎(えびす) • (Ebisu) 

1. a surname
2. alternative spelling of 恵比須 (Ebisu), a Shinto god

Korean

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Middle Korean readings, if any”)

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [juŋ]
• Phonetic hangul: [융]

Hanja

Wikisource

戎 • (yung) (hangeul 융, revised yung, McCune–Reischauer yung, Yale yung)

1. arms
2. armaments
3. military affair

Vietnamese

Han character

戎: Hán Nôm readings: nhung, nhỏng, nhong, xong, nhùng

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.