窮苦

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See also: 穷苦

Chinese

		exhausted; poor	bitter; intensely; miserable bitter; intensely; miserable; painful
trad. (窮苦)		窮	苦
simp. (穷苦)		穷	苦

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): qióngkǔ

(Zhuyin): ㄑㄩㄥˊ ㄎㄨˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): kung⁴ fu²
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): khiùng-khú
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): kêng-khó͘ / kiông-khó͘

(Teochew, Peng'im): kiong⁵ kou²

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: qióngkǔ
  - Zhuyin: ㄑㄩㄥˊ ㄎㄨˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: cyóngkǔ
  - Wade–Giles: chʻiung²-kʻu³
  - Yale: chyúng-kǔ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chyongkuu
  - Palladius: цюнку (cjunku)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰi̯ʊŋ³⁵ kʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: kung⁴ fu²
  - Yale: kùhng fú
  - Cantonese Pinyin: kung⁴ fu²
  - Guangdong Romanization: kung⁴ fu²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰʊŋ²¹ fuː³⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khiùng-khú
  - Hakka Romanization System: kiungˇ ku`
  - Hagfa Pinyim: kiung² ku³
  - Sinological IPA: /kʰi̯uŋ¹¹ kʰu³¹/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Tainan)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kêng-khó͘
  - Tâi-lô: kîng-khóo
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kengqor
  - IPA (Tainan): /kiɪŋ²⁴⁻³³ kʰɔ⁵³/
  - IPA (Xiamen): /kiɪŋ²⁴⁻²² kʰɔ⁵³/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kiɪŋ²⁴⁻²² kʰɔ⁵⁵⁴/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiông-khó͘
  - Tâi-lô: kiông-khóo
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kiongqor
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /kiɔŋ¹³⁻²² kʰɔ⁵³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: kiong⁵ kou²
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: khiông khóu
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰioŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ kʰou⁵²/

Adjective

窮苦

destitute; poverty-stricken

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 貧窮 (“poor; impoverished; poverty-striken”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		貧, 窮
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		窮, 貧窮, 窮困, 貧困, 赤貧, 貧乏, 貧苦, 貧寒, 苦寒
Northeastern Mandarin	Taiwan	窮, 貧窮
Northeastern Mandarin	Singapore	窮, 貧窮, 窮苦
Jiaoliao Mandarin	Yantai (Muping)	窮
Central Plains Mandarin	Luoyang	窮
	Wanrong	窮
	Xi'an	窮
Lanyin Mandarin	Yinchuan	窮
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	苦寒
Jianghuai Mandarin	Nanjing	窮
Cantonese	Guangzhou	窮
	Hong Kong	窮
	Taishan	窮
Gan	Nanchang	窮
Gan	Pingxiang	窮
Hakka	Meixian	窮
Jin	Taiyuan	窮
Northern Min	Jian'ou	窮無
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	窮
Southern Min	Xiamen	宋凶, 㾪赤, 窮㾪, 窮赤, 赤窮, 赤
	Quanzhou	宋凶, 窮赤, 赤窮, 赤
	Hui'an	窮赤
	Zhangzhou	宋凶, 散, 散赤, 赤
	Tainan	散, 散赤, 散食, 散凶, 窮赤, 窮散, 窮苦
	Raoping	磽
	Shantou	窮, 磽
	Jieyang	窮, 磽
	Leizhou	窮, 蒯
Wu	Shanghai	窮
	Suzhou	窮
	Danyang	窮
	Hangzhou	窮
	Jinhua	倒灶

Antonyms

富裕 (fùyù)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
窮	苦

Adjective

窮苦

chữ Hán form of cùng khổ (“impoverished”).

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