-다

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See also:

Jeju

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Etymology

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Cognate to Korean (-da)

Pronunciation

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Romanizations
Revised Romanization?-da
Revised Romanization (translit.)?da
Yale Romanization?ta

Suffix

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(-da)

  1. (formal) a plain style declarative suffix
    도새기것 먹엇.Dosaegi-geot meogeot-da.The pig ate the fodder.

Synonyms

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Korean

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Etymology 1

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From Middle Korean 다〮 (Yale: -tá), from Old Korean (*-ta). First uncontroversially attested in 695 C.E.[1]

Suffix

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(-da)

  1. In the plain style, the sentence-final declarative mood suffix. [since 695 C.E.]
    맛있겠.Masitgetda.It looks delicious.
    우리 이겼.Uri-ga igyeotda.We won.
    .Gir-i meolda.The way is far.
    양궁 선수 .Yanggung seonsu-ga hwar-eul ssonda.The archery athlete shoots her bow.
    어머니 아기 업는.Eomeoni-ga agi-reul eomneunda.The mother carries her baby on her back.
  2. Used to form the dictionary citation form of verbs and adjectives; note that Korean verbs and adjectives are never lemmatized at the infinitive.
Alternative forms
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  • (-ra) (after certain suffixes, and in indirect quotes after the copulas; see the linked entry for more)
Derived terms
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Etymology 2

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The contraction may be first attested only in the early twentieth century, such as in the 1922 literary journal Baekjo.[2]

Particle

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(-da)

  1. Contraction of 다가 (-daga, emphatic marker).

Etymology 3

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From Middle Korean (Yale: -tà); see the main entry for more.

Suffix

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(-da)

  1. Alternative form of 다가 (-daga, and then; but soon, conveys one action halting and another beginning).

References

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  1. ^ 이병기 (Yi Byeong-gi) (2019) “고대국어 종결어미 연구의 현황과 과제 [godaegugeo jonggyeoreomi yeon'guui hyeonhwanggwa gwaje, The current situation and future tasks in the study of Old Korean sentence enders]”, in Gugyeol yeon'gu, volume 43, pages 5—53
  2. ^ 전후민 (Jeon Hu-min) (2014) “{다가}의 변천사 [The history of taka]”, in Urimalgeul, volume 63, pages 29—68

Middle Korean

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Etymology

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From Old Korean (*-ta).

Pronunciation

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Suffix

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다〮 ()

  1. declarative mood sentence-final verbal suffix
    • orig. 14th century?, “西京別曲 / 서경별곡 (Seogyeong byeolgok)”, in 樂章歌詞 / 악장가사 (Akjang Gasa):
      아즐가 괴시란ᄃᆡ 우러곰 좃니노ᅌᅵ
      aculka kwoysilantoy wulekwom cwosninwongita
      If you only loved me, I would chase after you as I wept
    • 1459, Hunmin jeongeum eonhae 訓民正音諺解 / 훈민정음언해:
      (ᅌᅥᆼ〯)는 말〯ᄊᆞ미라〮
      NGĚ-nùn mǎlssòm-ì
      [The Chinese word] "" is "speech".
    • 1586, Widow of Yi Eung-tae, Letter excavated from the grave of Yi Eung-tae:
      나ᄂᆞᆫ ᄭᅮ믈 자내 보려 믿고 인뇌이
      na-non skwum-ul canay pwolye mitkwo innwoyita
      I'm trusting that I'll see you in my dreams.

Alternative forms

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Surfaces as the lenited allomorph 라〮 (-lá) after the following:

See also

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Middle Korean sentence enders
Form Mood Notes Applied to (sye-, to stand)
다〮 (-tá)
라〮 (-lá)
Declarative Unmarked 셔다〮 (Yale: syètá)
우〮마〮 (-wúmá) Promissive 셔우〮마〮 (Yale: syèwúmá)
(-n) 다〮 (-tá) Interrogative Realis Obligatory for second-person (2P) subject 션다〮 (Yale: syèntá)
가〮 (-ka) Polar question, non-2P subject 션가〮 (Yale: syènká)
고〮 (-kwo) Wh-word question, non-2P subject 션고〮 (Yale: syènkwó)
(-lq) 다〮 (-tá) Irrealis Obligatory for 2P subject 셜따〮 (Yale: syèlttá)
가〮 (-ká) Polar question, non-2P subject 셜까〮 (Yale: syèlkká)
고〮 (-kwó) Wh-word question, non-2P subject 셜꼬〮 (Yale: syèlkkwó)
니〮 (-ní-) 아〮 (-Gá) Realis Non-honorific Polar question 셔니〮아〮 (Yale: syèníGá), 셔녀〮 (Yale: syènyé)
오〮 (-Gwó) Non-polar question 셔니〮오〮 (Yale: syèníGwó), 셔뇨〮 (Yale: syènywó)
(-s-) 가〮 (-ká) Deferential No polarity distinction 셔닛〮가〮 (Yale: syèníská)
ᅌᅵᆺ (-ngìs-) Highly deferential 셔니〮ᅌᅵᆺ가〮 (Yale: syèníngìská)
리〮 (-lí-) 아〮 (-Gá) Irrealis Non-honorific Polar question 셔리〮아〮 (Yale: syèlíGá), 셔려〮 (Yale: syèlyé)
오〮 (-Gwó) Non-polar question 셔리〮오〮 (Yale: syèlíGwó), 셔료〮 (Yale: syèlywó)
(-s-) 가〮 (-ká) Deferential No polarity distinction 셔릿〮가〮 (Yale: syèlíská)
ᅌᅵᆺ (-ngìs-) Highly deferential 셔리〮ᅌᅵᆺ가〮 (Yale: syèlíngìská)
라〮 (-lá) Imperative Ordering Non-honorific 셔라〮 (Yale: syèlá)
아〮쎠〮 (-ássyé)
어〮쎠〮 (-éssyé)
Deferential 셔〮쎠〮 (Yale: syéssyé)
쇼〮셔〮 (-syósyé) Highly deferential 셔쇼〮셔〮 (Yale: syèsyósyé)
고〮 (-kwó-)
오〮 (-Gwó-)
라〮 (-lá) Requesting Non-honorific 셔고〮라〮 (Yale: syèkwólá)
려〮 (-lyé) Deferential 셔고〮려〮 (Yale: syèkwólyé)
ᅌᅵ (-ngì-) 다〮 (-tá) Highly deferential 셔고〮ᅌᅵ다〮 (Yale: syèkwóngìtá)
져〮 (-cyé) Propositive Plain 셔져〮 (Yale: syècyé)
사〮 (-sá-) ᅌᅵ (-ngì-) 다〮 (-tá) Deferential 셔사〮ᅌᅵ다〮 (Yale: syèsángìtá)
(-n) 뎌〮 (-tyé) Exclamatory Self-honoring 션뎌〮 (Yale: syèntyé)
(-lq) 셔〮 (-syé) 셜쎠〮 (Yale: syèlssyé)
고〮나〮 (-kwóná) Only sixteenth century 셔고〮나〮 (Yale: syèkwóná)
Based on 나찬연 2020, 중세 국어의 이해; Lee and Ramsey 2011, History of the Korean Language. Morphological segmentation of the verbal paradigm sometimes differs between analyses. The list is not exhaustive.