.ṯ

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Egyptian

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Etymology

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From Proto-Egyptian *-kʲi, from Proto-Afroasiatic *-ki (second-person possessive suffix).[1] Compare Iraqw -ki.

Pronunciation

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Pronoun

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T

 f sg 2. suffix pronoun

  1. you, your (see usage notes)

Usage notes

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This form of pronoun attaches directly to the preceding word, and means different things depending on what it is attached to.

  • When attached to a noun, it indicates the possessor of the noun.
  • When attached to a verb of the suffix conjugation, it indicates the subject of the verb.
  • When attached to an infinitive verb (especially of an intransitive verb) whose subject is not otherwise expressed, it indicates the subject of the verb.
  • When attached to a transitive infinitive verb whose subject is otherwise expressed or omitted, it indicates the object of the verb.
  • In the third person, when attached to a prospective participle, it indicates gender and number agreement.
  • When attached to a particle like jw or a parenthetic like ḫr, it indicates the subject of the clause.
  • When attached to a preposition, it indicates the object of the preposition.
  • When it follows a relative adjective such as ntj or ntt, it indicates the subject of the relative clause (except in the first person singular and third person common).

Inflection

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Alternative forms

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The following variant hieroglyphic writing becomes increasingly common from the Middle Kingdom onwards, as a result of sound change in the spoken language:

In Late Egyptian the following writings are also attested, as the glottal stop that the consonant had become merged with the pronunciation of .j in many phonetic environments:

References

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  • James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 50.
  • Junge, Friedrich (2005) Late Egyptian Grammar: An Introduction, second English edition, Oxford: Griffith Institute, page 52
  1. 1.0 1.1 Loprieno, Antonio (1995) Ancient Egyptian: A Linguistic Introduction, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, pages 31, 64