tw.j

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Egyptian

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Etymology

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Loprieno suggests an origin from tj (while) +‎ wj (first-person pronoun), with tj from earlier (j)sṯ, from Old Egyptian (j)sk.[1] Stauder argues against this hypothesis and instead proposes a development from ntt (complementizer) +‎ wj (first-person pronoun) with subsequent reanalysis.[2] Regardless of origin, later reinterpreted as an element tw + the suffix pronoun .j.

Pronunciation

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Pronoun

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t
W
A1

 sg 1. proclitic (‘subject form’) pronoun

  1. I [since the 17th Dynasty]

Usage notes

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This form of pronoun is a proclitic that must stand at the beginning of a sentence (generally adverbial) and cannot come after any particles. It always indicates the subject of the sentence.

Inflection

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References

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  • James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 116.
  1. ^ Loprieno, Antonio (1995) Ancient Egyptian: A Linguistic Introduction, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN
  2. ^ Stauder, Andréas (2016) “L’origine du pronom sujet néo-égyptien (twꞽ, twk, sw, etc.)” in Revue d’ Egyptologie, volume 67, pages 141–155